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Table 1 Characteristics of the concordance/discordance groups according to low or high HbA1C and TyG index categories

From: Discordance between the triglyceride glucose index and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1C in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention predicts cardiovascular events: a cohort study from China

HbA1C/TyGa

Total

Low/Low

Low/High

High/Low

High/High

P value†

Concordance/discordance groups

 N (%)

9285(100)

2713(29.2)

1516(16.3)

1925(20.7)

3131(33.7)

–

 Age, year

59.9 ± 10.05

59.3 ± 10.35

56.7 ± 10.35

63.2 ± 8.89

59.9 ± 9.72

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

6996 (75.3)

2176 (80.2)

1177 (77.6)

1437 (74.6)

2206 (70.5)

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

26.2 ± 9.21

25.5 ± 9.91

26.6 ± 6.58

26.0 ± 8.46

26.9 ± 10.04

< 0.001

Heart rate, bpm

72 ± 12.72

70.4 ± 12.94

72.3 ± 12.98

71.6 ± 11.72

73.5 ± 12.81

< 0.001

SBP, mmHg

128.6 ± 20.86

128.2 ± 19.87

127.2 ± 21.12

128.7 ± 21.68

129.5 ± 21.03

0.004

Medical history and risk factors, n (%)

 Current smoker

3497 (37.7)

1055 (38.9)

624 (41.2)

641 (33.3)

1177 (37.6)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

6104 (65.7)

1608 (59.3)

937 (61.8)

1325 (68.8)

2234 (71.4)

< 0.001

 Diabetes

4074 (43.9)

136 (5)

106 (7)

1213 (63)

2619 (83.6)

< 0.001

 Dyslipidaemia

7131 (76.8)

2046 (75.4)

1206 (79.6)

1413 (73.4)

2466 (78.8)

< 0.001

 Previous MI

1156 (12.5)

292 (10.8)

165 (10.9)

251 (13)

448 (14.3)

< 0.001

 Previous stroke

485 (5.2)

139 (5.1)

67 (4.4)

110 (5.7)

169 (5.4)

0.367

 Previous PCI

2264 (24.4)

545 (20.1)

304 (20.1)

526 (27.3)

889 (28.4)

< 0.001

 Previous CABG

220 (2.4)

42 (1.5)

27 (1.8)

58 (3)

93 (3)

< 0.001

Laboratory tests

 FPG, mmol/L

7.1 ± 2.61

5.5 ± 0.8

6.1 ± 1.56

6.6 ± 1.55

9.1 ± 3.14

< 0.001

 HbA1C, %

6.6 ± 1.39

5.6 ± 0.31

5.6 ± 0.31

7 ± 1.04

7.8 ± 1.46

< 0.001

 TC, mmol/L

4.1 ± 1.07

4 ± 1

4.5 ± 1.07

3.8 ± 0.95

4.3 ± 1.1

< 0.001

 TG, mmol/L

1.43(1.03-2.07)

1.1(0.86-1.35)

2.2(1.87-2.75)

1(0.79-1.22)

1.96(1.52-2.68)

< 0.001

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.1 ± 0.25

1.1 ± 0.27

1 ± 0.23

1.1 ± 0.26

1 ± 0.22

< 0.001

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.4 ± 0.88

2.4 ± 0.88

2.6 ± 0.92

2.2 ± 0.82

2.5 ± 0.88

< 0.001

 Non-HDL-C, mmol/L

3.1 ± 1.02

2.8 ± 0.93

3.5 ± 1.01

2.7 ± 0.87

3.3 ± 1.05

< 0.001

 TyG index

9 ± 0.67

8.4 ± 0.35

9.3 ± 0.37

8.5 ± 0.31

9.6 ± 0.54

< 0.001

ACS status, n (%)

 Unstable angina

7883 (84.9)

2293 (84.5)

1231 (81.2)

1718 (89.2)

2641 (84.4)

< 0.001

 NSTEMI

1152 (12.4)

330 (12.2)

224 (14.8)

178 (9.2)

420 (13.4)

< 0.001

 STEMI

829 (8.9)

260 (9.6)

173 (11.4)

130 (6.8)

266 (8.5)

< 0.001

Medication at discharge, n (%)

 Metformin

807 (8.7)

21 (0.8)

16 (1.1)

187 (9.7)

583 (18.6)

< 0.001

 Sulfonylurea

469 (5.1)

16 (0.6)

8 (0.5)

131 (6.8)

314 (10)

< 0.001

 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

1656 (17.8)

52 (1.9)

36 (2.4)

464 (24.1)

1104 (35.3)

< 0.001

 Thiazolidinedione

20 (0.2)

3 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

6 (0.3)

10 (0.3)

0.147

 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors

53 (0.6)

4 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

16 (0.8)

32 (1)

< 0.001

 Oral antidiabetic agents

2108 (22.7)

67 (2.5)

47 (3.1)

578 (30)

1416 (45.2)

< 0.001

 Insulin

1728 (18.6)

14 (0.5)

24 (1.6)

475 (24.7)

1215 (38.8)

< 0.001

 Any antidiabetic agents

3314 (35.7)

75 (2.8)

65 (4.3)

920 (47.8)

2254 (72)

< 0.001

 Aspirin

9062 (97.6)

2656 (97.9)

1484 (97.9)

1879 (97.6)

3043 (97.2)

0.281

 Clopidogrel

6316 (68)

1888 (69.6)

969 (63.9)

1368 (71.1)

2091 (66.8)

< 0.001

 Ticagrelor

3131 (33.7)

883 (32.5)

562 (37.1)

596 (31)

1090 (34.8)

0.001

 ACEI/ARB

4165 (44.9)

1042 (38.4)

688 (45.4)

871 (45.2)

1564 (50)

< 0.001

 β-Blocker

5980 (64.4)

1619 (59.7)

997 (65.8)

1204 (62.5)

2160 (69)

< 0.001

Statin

9114 (98.2)

2671 (98.5)

1482 (97.8)

1897 (98.5)

3064 (97.9)

0.123

Ezetimibe

1712 (18.4)

460 (17)

327 (21.6)

304 (15.8)

621 (19.8)

< 0.001

Angiographic coronary anatomy, n (%)

 Any left main disease

1459 (15.7)

426 (15.7)

235 (15.5)

316 (16.4)

482 (15.4)

0.799

 Multivessel disease

5412 (58.3)

1157 (42.6)

903 (59.6)

1147 (59.6)

2205 (70.4)

< 0.001

 Others

3564 (38.4)

1448 (53.4)

540 (35.6)

720 (37.4)

856 (27.3)

< 0.001

 CTO

1499 (16.1)

367 (13.5)

277 (18.3)

314 (16.3)

541 (17.3)

< 0.001

 Lesions > 20 mm

5640 (60.7)

1111 (41)

853 (56.3)

1187 (61.7)

2489 (79.5)

< 0.001

Treated vessel, n (%)

 LM

894 (9.6)

276 (10.2)

134 (8.8)

198 (10.3)

286 (9.1)

0.279

 LAD

4735 (51)

1426 (52.6)

728 (48)

1017 (52.8)

1564 (50)

0.007

 LCX

2693 (29)

774 (28.5)

471 (31.1)

520 (27)

928 (29.6)

0.051

 RCA

3704 (39.9)

1014 (37.4)

625 (41.2)

785 (40.8)

1280 (40.9)

0.017

 DCB

567 (6.1)

164 (6)

72 (4.7)

131 (6.8)

200 (6.4)

0.073

 FFR

67 (0.7)

26 (1)

8 (0.5)

19 (1)

14 (0.4)

0.044

 IVUS

247 (2.7)

65 (2.4)

48 (3.2)

53 (2.8)

81 (2.6)

0.501

OCT

156 (1.7)

59 (2.2)

28 (1.8)

23 (1.2)

46 (1.5)

0.049

Number of stents

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.075

Total length of stents, mm

32 (21–52)

30 (21–51)

32 (20.5–52)

33 (21–51)

33 (21–54)

0.417

  1. Values are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%)
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C Glycosylated haemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TyG triglyceride glucose, NSTEMI non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, CTO chronic total occlusion, LM left-main artery, LAD left anterior descending artery, LCX left circumflex artery, RCA right coronary artery, DCB drug-coated balloon, FFR Fractional Flow Reserve, IVUS intravascular ultrasound, OCT optical coherence tomography
  3. aMedian HbA1C: 6.1%, Median TyG:8.92
  4. †p value for test of difference across the 4 concordance/discordance groups by the Chi square test for categorical variables or analysis of variance for continuous variables or Kruskal–Wallis test for nonparametric comparisons
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840