Table 1 Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics and in-hospital outcome of all patients with and without diabetes, and of all patients with and without diabetes stratified according to medical therapy or successful CTO-PCI

Age, years

65.1 ± 9.8

63.8 ± 10.7

0.022

65.6 ± 10.2

64.1 ± 8.9

0.081

64.3 ± 11.0

62.9 ± 10.1

0.025

Male

527 (69.8)

1021 (81.0)

< 0.001

357 (70.6)

170 (68.3)

0.521

650 (82.2)

371 (79.1)

0.179

Smoking

275 (36.4)

583 (46.3)

< 0.001

188 (37.2)

87 (34.9)

0.237

364 (46.0)

219 (46.7)

0.816

Hypertension

572 (75.8)

803 (63.7)

< 0.001

389 (76.9)

183 (73.5)

0.308

508 (64.2)

295 (62.9)

0.637

Dyslipidemia

585 (77.5)

900 (71.4)

0.015

399 (78.9)

186 (74.7)

0.191

565 (71.4)

335 (71.4)

0.740

Familial history of CAD

63 (8.3)

164 (13.0)

0.001

44 (8.7)

19 (7.6)

0.619

100 (12.6)

41 (14.4)

0.609

Previous MI

309 (40.9)

383 (30.4)

< 0.001

215 (42.5)

94 (37.8)

0.213

271 (34.3)

112 (23.9)

< 0.001

CKD

91 (12.1)

102 (8.1)

< 0.001

67 (13.2)

24 (9.6)

0.138

75 (9.5)

27 (5.8)

0.019

Heart failure

159 (21.1)

181 (14.4)

0.004

110 (21.7)

49 (19.7)

0.514

140 (17.7)

41 (8.7)

< 0.001

LVEF

52.0 ± 10.5

53.2 ± 9.2

0.010

51.4 ± 11.1

53.3 ± 9.1

0.320

52.3 ± 9.6

54.8 ± 8.1

< 0.001

Insulin-dependent DM

315 (41.7)

–

–

219 (43.3)

96 (38.6)

0.208

–

–

–

Baseline medication

 Aspirin

727 (96.3)

1216 (96.5)

0.800

484 (95.7)

243 (97.6)

0.185

759 (96.0)

457 (97.4)

0.165

 Clopidogrel

704 (93.2)

1181 (93.7)

0.668

467 (92.3)

237 (95.2)

0.137

723 (91.4)

458 (97.7)

< 0.001

 Statin

726 (96.2)

1205 (95.6)

0.337

487 (96.2)

239 (96.0)

0.861

756 (95.6)

449 (95.7)

0.893

 β blocker

562 (74.4)

957 (76.0)

0.445

382 (75.5)

180 (72.3)

0.343

591 (74.7)

366 (78.0)

0.182

 ACEI or ARB

506 (67.0)

780 (61.9)

0.021

358 (70.8)

148 (59.4)

0.002

493 (62.3)

287 (61.2)

0.689

 One CTO lesion

643 (85.2)

1104 (87.6)

0.116

434 (85.8)

209 (83.9)

0.505

697 (88.1)

407 (86.8)

0.486

 Two CTO lesions

106 (14.0)

144 (11.4)

0.085

68 (13.4)

38 (15.3)

0.498

87 (11.0)

57 (12.2)

0.533

 LAD

237 (31.4)

452 (35.9)

0.040

137 (27.1)

100 (40.2)

< 0.001

262 (33.1)

190 (40.5)

0.008

 LCX

243 (32.2)

348 (27.6)

0.029

182 (36.0)

61 (24.5)

0.002

243 (30.7)

105 (22.4)

0.001

 RCA

377 (49.9)

604 (47.9)

0.385

259 (51.2)

118 (47.4)

0.327

379 (47.9)

225 (48.0)

0.983

 Multivessel disease

630 (83.4)

981 (77.9)

0.002

437 (86.4)

193 (77.7)

0.002

683 (86.3)

298 (63.5)

< 0.001

 Proximal or mid

514 (68.1)

909 (72.1)

0.053

336 (66.4)

187 (71.5)

0.159

554 (70.0)

355 (75.7)

0.030

CTO location

 Blunt stump

313 (41.5)

556 (44.1)

0.241

259 (51.2)

54 (21.7)

< 0.001

408 (51.6)

148 (31.6)

< 0.001

 Calcification

141 (18.7)

220 (17.5)

0.491

109 (21.5)

32 (12.9)

0.004

158 (20.0)

63 (13.2)

0.002

 Bending > 45°

337 (44.6)

549 (43.6)

0.641

221 (43.7)

116 (46.9)

0.449

363 (45.9)

186 (39.7)

0.031

 Length ≥ 20 mm

477 (63.2)

810 (64.3)

0.617

320 (63.2)

157 (63.1)

0.960

505 (63.8)

305 (65.0)

0.670

 J-CTO score

1.66 ± 1.16

1.67 ± 1.17

0.930

1.78 ± 1.23

1.41 ± 0.98

< 0.001

1.80 ± 1.24

1.47 ± 1.03

< 0.001

 SYNTAX score

23.6 ± 8.7

21.1 ± 8.3

0.044

24.6 ± 9.1

21.5 ± 7.5

0.308

22.6 ± 8.8

18.9 ± 6.9

0.003

 Number of stents

–

–

–

–

1.46 ± 0.76

–

–

1.92 ± 0.99

–

 Total stent length, mm

–

–

–

–

42.1 ± 23.1

–

–

23.8 ± 24.2

–

 Contrast volume, ml

175 ± 76

179 ± 85

0.844

150 ± 64

228 ± 72

< 0.001

151 ± 74

226 ± 83

< 0.001

 Coronary dissection

–

–

–

–

11 (4.4)

–

–

15 (3.2)

–

 Coronary perforation

–

–

–

–

2 (0.8)

–

–

6 (1.3)

–

 In-hospital death

5 (0.7)

5 (0.4)

0.622

–

–

–

–

–

–