Fig. 1

Summary of adjusted hazard ratios for microvascular disease risk by various HbA1c variability and mean measures—primary analysis and subgroup analyses stratified by HbA1c at the index date [i.e., HbA1c < 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and ≥ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol)]. HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HR hazard ratio, HbA1c-SD the standard deviation of HbA1c, HbA1c-CV the coefficient of variation of HbA1c, HSV HbA1c variability score, HbA1c-meanoverall the mean of HbA1c values from the index date until the end of follow-up, including the index date, HbA1c-meanyearly the annual averages of HbA1c values from each year during follow-up, including the index date, HbA1c-index the result of the first HbA1c examination at National Cheng Kung University Hospital