|
Sex (males) (%)
|
99 (58.6)
|
99 (58.2)
|
1.00
|
|
Age (years)
|
61.3 ± 9.3
|
60.9 ± 9.7
|
0.66
|
|
Current smoking
|
38 (22.6)
|
29 (17.1)
|
0.22
|
|
Hypertension
|
88 (52.1)
|
105 (61.8)
|
0.08
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
107 (63.3)
|
122 (71.8)
|
0.11
|
|
Duration of diabetes (years)
|
12.1 ± 8.4
|
12.5 ± 8.3
|
0.65
|
|
Diabetic retinopathy
|
28 (16.8)
|
33 (19.5)
|
0.51
|
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
48 (28.4)
|
53 (31.2)
|
0.58
|
|
Use of glucose-lowering agents
|
153 (90.5)
|
152 (89.4)
|
0.86
|
|
Metformin
|
91 (53.8)
|
100 (58.8)
|
0.38
|
|
Sulfonylurea
|
38 (22.5)
|
43 (25.3)
|
0.61
|
|
Glinides
|
10 (5.9)
|
10 (5.9)
|
1.00
|
|
Thiazolidinediones
|
18 (10.7)
|
23 (13.5)
|
0.51
|
|
α-Glucosidase inhibitor
|
24 (14.2)
|
25 (14.7)
|
1.00
|
|
DPP-4 inhibitors
|
75 (44.4)
|
95 (55.9)
|
0.039
|
|
GLP-1 R agonists
|
23 (13.6)
|
12 (7.1)
|
0.05
|
|
Insulins
|
35 (20.7)
|
37 (21.8)
|
0.89
|
|
Use of antihypertensive drugs
|
79 (46.7)
|
95 (55.9)
|
0.10
|
|
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
|
3 (1.8)
|
5 (2.9)
|
0.72
|
|
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
|
63 (37.3)
|
83 (48.8)
|
0.037
|
|
Direct renin inhibitor
|
2 (1.2)
|
0 (0.0)
|
0.25
|
|
Calcium channel blocker
|
47 (27.8)
|
54 (31.8)
|
0.48
|
|
Diuretic drugs
|
8 (4.7)
|
14 (8.2)
|
0.27
|
|
α-Adrenergic receptor antagonist
|
2 (1.2)
|
0 (0.0)
|
0.25
|
|
β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist
|
3 (1.8)
|
3 (1.8)
|
1.00
|
|
Others
|
5 (3.0)
|
10 (5.9)
|
0.29
|
|
Use of lipid-lowering agents
|
82 (48.5)
|
99 (58.2)
|
0.08
|
|
Statins
|
73 (43.2)
|
83 (48.8)
|
0.33
|
|
Ezetimibe
|
10 (5.9)
|
11 (6.5)
|
1.00
|
|
Resins
|
0 (0.0)
|
1 (0.6)
|
1.00
|
|
Fibrates
|
8 (4.7)
|
6 (3.5)
|
0.60
|
|
Use of antithrombotic agents
|
17 (10.1)
|
15 (8.8)
|
0.71
|
|
Antiplatelet agents
|
15 (8.9)
|
11 (6.5)
|
0.42
|
|
Anticoagulants
|
2 (1.2)
|
4 (2.4)
|
0.68
|
|
Others
|
0 (0.0)
|
0 (0.0)
|
–
|
