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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to second-line therapy in addition to metformin

From: Add-on therapy in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes at moderate cardiovascular risk: a nationwide study

 

DPP-4 inhibitors

GLP-1 receptor agonists

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Sulfonylurea

Insulin

p value

Number of patients

15,426 (33%)

13,148 (28%)

2343 (5%)

8917 (19%)

7152 (15%)

 

Male

9160 (59%)

7403 (56%)b

1398 (60%)

5473 (61%)

4480 (63%)b

 

Age

62.4 (± 11.9)

58.0 (± 11.2)

60.2 (± 11.3)

59.6 (± 12.0)

61.2 (± 13.2)

< 0.0001

Years in metformin monotherapy

5.1 (± 4.0) 

 6.5 (± 4.5)

 7.2 (± 5.1)

3.0 (± 3.0) 

4.7 (± 4.4) 

< 0.0001

Follow-up (years)

1.8 (± 0.4)

1.9 (± 0.3)

1.4 (± 0.6)

1.8 (± 0.4)

1.7 (± 0.5)

< 0.0001

Cardiovascular riska

 Moderate

11,370 (74%)

8423 (64%)b

1489 (64%)b

7401 (83%)b

5007 (70%)b

 

 High

1461 (9%)

2157 (16%)b

563 (24%)b

233 (3%)b

758 (11%)

 

 Very high

2595 (17%)

2568 (20%)b

291 (12%)b

1283 (14%)b

1387 (19%)b

 

Medical history

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

945 (6%)

920 (7%)

113 (5%)

568 (6%)

652 (9%)b

 

 Hypertension

6145 (40%)

6523 (50%)b

841 (36%)b

3162 (35%)b

3160 (44%)b

 

 Atrial fibrillation

1409 (9%)

1106 (8%)

121(5%)b

757 (8%)

741 (10%)

 

 Cancer

2125 (14%)

1630 (12%)b

232 (10%)b

1133 (13%)

1373 (19%)b

 

 Thyroid disease

356 (2%)

386 (3%)

57 (2%)

183 (2%)

194 (3%)

 

 Renal disease

1245 (8%)

1390 (11%)b

109 (5%)b

477 (5%)b

772 (11%)b

 

 Ischemic heart disease

1993 (13%)

2089 (16%)b

249 (11%)b

1013 (11%)b

1008 (14%)

 

 Peripheral arterial disease

378 (2%)

384 (3%)

37 (2%)

175 (2%)

290 (4%)

 

Pharmacotherapy

 Statin

10,902 (71%)

11,758 (89%)b

1477 (63%)b

6139 (69%)

4648 (65%)b

 

 ACE-I/ARB

9630 (62%)

9120 (69%)b

1277 (55%)b

5458 (61%)

4284 (60%)b

 

 Spironolactone

933 (6%)

1201 (9%)b

90 (4%)b

546 (6%)

628 (9%)b

 

 Thiazide

3096 (20%)

3173 (24%)b

304 (13%)b

1797 (20%)

1484 (21%)

 

 Calcium channel blockers

5354 (35%)

5389 (41%)b

622 (27%)b

2973 (33%)

2460 (34%)

 

 Beta blockers

4276 (28%)

4076 (31%)b

503 (21%)b

2332 (26%)

1961 (27%)

 

 Clopidogrel

1048 (7%)

988 (8%)

101 (4%)b

521 (6%)

531 (7%)

 

 Digoxin

567 (4%)

370 (3%)b

30 (1%)b

317 (4%)

335 (5%)

 

 Acetylsalicylic acid

5472 (35%)

5942 (45%)b

645 (28%)b

2844 (32%)

2623 (37%)b

 

 Furosemide

2739 (18%)

3162 (24%)b

259 (11%)b

1458 (16%)

1728 (24%)b

 
  1. Data is n(%) or mean (SD)
  2. ACE-I Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, GLP-1 RA glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor
  3. acardiovascular risk was assed according to EASD/ESC guidelines within the limitation of the registries. DPP-4 is used as reference for all comparisons
  4. bMarks values which are significantly different from DPP-4 inhibitors