Table 1 Comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs)
| Study | Design | Medications | Sample size N | Male sex N (%) | Age, years Mean (SD) | Median follow-up years | Duration of diabetes, years Mean (SD) | HbA1c, % Mean (SD) | Existence of CVD N (%) | Statin use N (%) | SGLT-2i use N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELIXA | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Lixisenatide once daily vs placebo | 6068 | 4207 (69) | 59.9 (9.7)b | 2.1 | 9.2 (8.2)b | 7.7 (1.3)b | 6068 (100) | 5627 (92.7) | NA |
| LEADER | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Liraglutide once daily vs placebo | 9340 | 6003 (64) | 64.2 (7.2)b | 3.8 | 12.8 (8.0)b | 8.7 (1.6)b | 7598 (81) | 6741 (72.2) | NA |
| SUSTAIN-6 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Semaglutide once weekly vs placebo | 3297 | 2002 (61) | 64.6 (7.4) | 2.1 | 13.9 (8.1) | 8.7 (1.5) | 2735 (83)c | 2399 (72.8) | 5 (0.2) |
| EXSCEL | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Exenatide once weekly vs placebo | 14,752 | 9148 (62) | 62.7 (3.6)d | 3.2 | 12.3 (3.2)d | 8.1 (0.5)d | 10,782 (73) | 10,836 (73.5) | 77 (0.9) |
| HARMONY | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Albiglutide once weekly vs placebo | 9463 | 6569 (69) | 64.1 (8.7)b | 1.6 | 14.1 (8.6)b | 8.7 (1.5)b | 6678 (71) | 7955 (84.1) | 575 (6.1) |
| REWIND | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Dulaglutide once weekly vs placebo | 9901 | 5312 (53.7) | 66.2 (6.5) | 5.4 | 10.5 (7.3)b | 7.3 (1.1)b | 3114 (31) | 6547 (66.1) | 3 (0.0) |
| PIONEER-6 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Semaglutide once dailya vs placebo | 3183 | 2176 (68.4) | 66 (7.0) | 1.3 | 14.9 (8.5) | 8.2 (1.6) | 2695 (85)c | 2712 (85.2)e | 305 (9.6) |