Table 2 Comparison of AS patients with concomitant type 2 DM stratified according to glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
Variable | Patients with DM and HbA1c > 7% (n = 24) | DM and HbA1c ≤ 7% (n = 26) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 74 [70–76] | 70 [66–73] | 0.12 |
Male, n (%) | 13 (54.2) | 18 (69.3) | 0.38 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 30.4 [26.6–31.2] | 32.2 [28.7–34.5] | 0.30 |
Risk factors, n (%) | |||
Arterial hypertension | 24 (100) | 26 (100) | 0.99 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 7 (29.2) | 3 (11.5) | 0.16 |
Current smoking | 2 (8.3) | 6 (23.1) | 0.25 |
Medications, n (%) | |||
Beta-blockers | 21 (87.5) | 26 (100) | 0.10 |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 19 (79.2) | 21 (80.8) | 0.99 |
ACE inhibitors | 22 (91.7) | 23 (88.5) | 0.99 |
Statins | 21 (87.5) | 25 (96.2) | 0.34 |
Insulin | 14 (58.3) | 0 | < 0.0001 |
Metformin | 10 (41.7) | 26 (100) | < 0.0001 |
Echocardiographic parameters | |||
Mean gradient, mmHg | 61 [46–67] | 44 [41–50] | 0.003 |
Maximum gradient, mmHg | 95 [72–109] | 64 [58–77] | <0.00001 |
LVEF, % | 60 [55–65] | 60 [58–64] | 0.98 |
AVA, cm2 | 0.65 [0.56–0.80] | 0.85 [0.8–0.9] | < 0.0001 |
Laboratory investigation | |||
Creatinine, µmol/L | 91 [88–101] | 79 [73–99] | 0.19 |
hsCRP, mg/L | 1.0 [1.0–2.0] | 1.0 [1.0–2.0] | 0.53 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 6.8 [6.2–8.4] | 6.4 [5.5–7.5] | 0.21 |
Insulin, µIU/mL | 16.2 [12.4–23.3] | 16.3 [12.4–23.4] | 0.89 |
Fructosamine, µmol/L | 271 [250–304] | 259 [231–266] | 0.04 |
Valvular AGEs, % | 23.3 [17.5–28.1] | 10.8 [9.3–13.5] | < 0.00001 |
Valvular RAGE, % | 8.1 [6.6–8.5] | 5.7 [4.8–7.7] | 0.015 |
Plasma AGEs, ng/mL | 9.3 [8.5–12.0] | 9.6 [8.6–10.4] | 0.55 |
Plasma sRAGE, pg/mL | 1977 [1596–2455] | 1988 [1517–2613] | 0.70 |