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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to bodyweight variability

From: High variability in bodyweight is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study

 

Total (n = 670,797)

Reference bodyweight variability group (Q1–4) (n = 536,459)

High bodyweight variability group (Q5) (n = 134,338)

Age, years

57.80 ± 11.47

57.55 ± 11.15

58.79 ± 12.65

 30–39 years

45433 (6.77)

33665 (6.28)

11768 (8.76)

 40–64 years

436588 (65.08)

359809 (67.07)

76779 (57.15)

 ≥ 65 years

188776 (28.14)

142985 (26.65)

45791 (34.09)

Male

435633 (64.94)

357633 (66.67)

78000 (58.06)

Number of oral anti-diabetic medicationa

 0

226812 (33.81)

186815 (34.82)

39997 (29.77)

 1

139300 (20.77)

110250 (20.55)

29050 (21.62)

 2

195051 (29.08)

154610 (28.82)

40441 (30.1)

 3 or more

109634 (16.34)

84784 (15.80)

24850 (18.50)

 Insulin use

51712 (7.71)

36711 (6.84)

15001 (11.17)

 Hypertension

381019 (56.80)

303865 (56.64)

77154 (57.43)

 Dyslipidemia

255584 (38.10)

204328 (38.09)

51256 (38.15)

 Decreased renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min)

76556 (11.43)

58987 (11.01)

17569 (13.09)

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

364796 (54.38)

286199 (53.35)

78597 (58.51)

 Ex-smoker

139872 (20.85)

115510 (21.53)

24362 (18.13)

 Current smoker

166129 (24.77)

134750 (25.12)

31379 (23.36)

Drinking status

 Non-drinker

371857 (55.44)

287962 (53.68)

83895 (62.45)

 Mild drinker

236249 (35.22)

196699 (36.67)

39550 (29.44)

 Heavy drinker

62691 (9.35)

51798 (9.66)

10893 (8.11)

Regular exercise

159100 (23.72)

130269 (24.28)

28831 (21.46)

Low income

157722 (23.51)

124951 (23.29)

32771 (24.39)

Health examination

 Body weight, kg

66.52 ± 11.29

67.03 ± 10.92

64.49 ± 12.45

 Height, cm

162.95 ± 9.07

163.27 ± 8.92

161.66 ± 9.53

 Body mass index, kg/m2

24.97 ± 3.14

25.07 ± 3.01

24.57 ± 3.59

 Waist circumference, cm

85.44 ± 8.14

85.65 ± 7.94

84.63 ± 8.88

 SBP, mmHg

129 ± 15

129 ± 15

128 ± 16

 DBP, mmHg

79 ± 9

79 ± 10

78 ± 10

 Fasting glucose, mg/dL

143 ± 43

142 ± 41

144 ± 50

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL

195.54 ± 40.63

195.92 ± 40.28

194.04 ± 41.95

 HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

51.63 ± 21.34

51.47 ± 21.35

52.28 ± 21.26

 LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

110.73 ± 44.88

110.85 ± 44.70

110.23 ± 45.58

 Triglycerideb, mg/dL

146.24 (146.04–146.44)

148.26 (148.03–148.49)

138.45 (138.02–138.87)

Weight variability indices

 SD, kg

2.02 ± 1.49

1.49 ± 0.71

4.15 ± 1.85

 CV,  %

3.07 ± 2.26

2.23 ± 1.02

6.41 ± 2.72

 VIM,  %

1.98 ± 1.45

1.44 ± 0.65

4.11 ± 1.74

 ASV, kg

2.31 ± 1.81

1.73 ± 0.95

4.63 ± 2.47

  1. Q, quintile; S(D)BP, Systolic (Diastolic) blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of variation; VIM, variability independent of mean; ASV, average successive variability
  2. aOf 6 types of oral medication: sulfonylurea, metformin, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, DPP4 inhibitor, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
  3. bGeometric mean (95% CI) due to data not following normal distribution