Pioglitazone for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: a retrospective study

Table 2 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of ischemic stroke owing to pioglitazone use

Variables	Ischemic stroke (n = 306)			Crude HR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	p-value
Variables	Event	PY	IR	Crude HR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	p-value
Pioglitazone
No	170	27,682	6.14	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Yes	136	29,268	4.65	0.75 (0.60–0.90)**	0.009	0.78 (0.62–0.95)*	0.03

HR adjusted for age, sex, heart failure, arrhythmia, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive agents, lipid-lowering agents, anti-platelet agents, and oral glucose-lowering agents
PY person-years, IR incidence rate, per 1000 person-years, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, PY person-year, IR incidence rate, per 1000 person-years, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01