Associations of (pre)diabetes with right ventricular and atrial structure and function: the Maastricht Study

Linssen, Pauline B. C.; Veugen, Marja G. J.; Henry, Ronald M. A.; van der Kallen, Carla J. H.; Kroon, Abraham A.; Schram, Miranda T.; Brunner-La Rocca, Hans-Peter; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.

doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01055-y

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 3 Multivariable adjusted differences of right ventricle structure and function between individuals with (pre)diabetes, as compared to individuals with normal glucose metabolism

From: Associations of (pre)diabetes with right ventricular and atrial structure and function: the Maastricht Study

Variable	Model	NGM	Prediabetes	T2DM	P for trend
Variable	Model	NGM	B (95% CI)	B (95% CI)	P for trend
Right atrium
RA volume index (SD)^a	1	Ref	− 0.39 (− 0.58; − 0.21)^‡	− 0.52 (− 0.68; − 0.36)^‡	< 0.01
	2	Ref	− 0.32 (− 0.51; − 0.13)^‡	− 0.39 (− 0.57; − 0.21)^‡	< 0.01
	3	Ref	− 0.26 (− 0.45; − 0.07)^‡	− 0.29 (− 0.48; − 0.09)^‡	< 0.01
Right ventricle, structure
RV diameter (SD)^a	1	Ref	− 0.12 (− 0.31; 0.08)	− 0.20 (− 0.37; − 0.04)^†	0.02
	2	Ref	− 0.29 (− 0.49; − 0.09)^‡	− 0.49 (− 0.68; − 0.30)^‡	< 0.01
	3	Ref	− 0.27 (− 0.47; − 0.07)^‡	− 0.44 (− 0.65; − 0.24)^‡	< 0.01
RV length (SD)^a	1	Ref	0.15 (− 0.04; 0.34)	0.15 (− 0.01; 0.32) *	0.06
	2	Ref	− 0.02 (− 0.22; 0.17)	− 0.15 (− 0.33; 0.04)	0.13
	3	Ref	− 0.04 (− 0.24; 0.15)	− 0.22 (− 0.42; − 0.02)^†	0.04
Systolic RV function
S’ RV (SD)^b	1	Ref	− 0.18 (− 0.37; 0.02) *	− 0.26 (− 0.44; − 0.09)^‡	< 0.01
	2	Ref	− 0.21 (− 0.41; 0.00)^†	− 0.30 (− 0.50; − 0.10)^‡	< 0.01
	3	Ref	− 0.19 (− 0.39; 0.02) *	− 0.29 (− 0.51; − 0.07)^‡	0.01
Diastolic RV function
TDI E’ RV (SD)^b	1	Ref	− 0.31 (− 0.50; − 0.11)^‡	− 0.36 (− 0.53; − 0.18)^‡	< 0.01
	2	Ref	− 0.30 (− 0.50; − 0.10)^‡	− 0.31 (− 0.51; − 0.11)^‡	< 0.01
	3	Ref	− 0.26 (− 0.47; − 0.06)^†	− 0.26 (− 0.48; − 0.05)^†	0.01
TDI A’ RV (SD)^b	1	Ref	− 0.32 (− 0.51; − 0.13)^‡	− 0.29 (− 0.46; − 0.12)^‡	< 0.01
	2	Ref	− 0.29 (− 0.49; − 0.10)^‡	− 0.23 (− 0.42; − 0.10)^‡	0.01
	3	Ref	− 0.26 (− 0.46; − 0.07)^‡	− 0.20 (− 0.41; 0.01) *	0.04
TDI E′/A′ ratio (SD)^b	1	Ref	− 0.02 (− 0.19; 0.15)	− 0.07 (− 0.22; 0.08)	0.39
	2	Ref	− 0.03 (− 0.20; 0.15)	− 0.08 (− 0.25; 0.09)	0.35
	3	Ref	− 0.02 (− 0.19; 0.16)	− 0.07 (− 0.25; 0.12)	0.50
Global RV function
Myocardial performance index RV (SD)^b	1	Ref	− 0.04 (− 0.23; 0.16)	− 0.04 (− 0.21; 0.13)	0.63
	2	Ref	− 0.06 (− 0.26; 0.15)	− 0.09 (− 0.29; 0.12)	0.40
	3	Ref	− 0.10 (− 0.31; 0.11)	− 0.17 (− 0.39; 0.05)	0.12

Model 1: adjusted for age. Model 2: adjusted for model 1 + office systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, smoking status, prior cardiovascular disease, waist circumference. Model 3: adjusted for model 2 + albuminuria, eGFR, total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, the use of lipid-modifying medication
CI confidence interval, NGM normal glucose metabolism, RA right atrial, RV right ventricular, SD standard deviation, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, TDI tissue Doppler imaging
Study population ^a n = 792, ^b n = 748
P value difference prediabetes or T2DM vs NGM: * < 0.10, ^† < 0.05,^‡ < 0.01

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