Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the eight groups of transition in obesity subphenotypes
1st examination (2009–2010) | MHNO | MHO | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd examination (2013–2014) | MHNO | MHO | MUNO | MUO | MHNO | MHO | MUNO | MUO |  |
n | 4284989 | 420,879 | 546,422 | 167,760 | 252,858 | 891,470 | 51,148 | 533,237 | Â |
Age (years) | 47.95 ± 12.27 | 44.50 ± 11.64 | 56.82 ± 11.64 | 50.33 ± 12.63 | 49.94 ± 11.83 | 47.53 ± 11.41 | 57.38 ± 11.44 | 50.61 ± 12.09 | < 0.0001 |
Men [n (%)] | 2,197,889 (51.29) | 278,534 (66.18) | 281,416 (51.50) | 103,984 (61.98) | 165,083 (65.29) | 628,772 (70.53) | 28,823 (56.35) | 357,033 (66.96) | < 0.0001 |
Current smoker [n (%)] | 931,072 (21.73) | 110,355 (26.22) | 115,043 (21.05) | 42,510 (25.34) | 63,074 (24.94) | 239,997 (26.92) | 11,126 (21.75) | 146,928 (27.55) | < 0.0001 |
Heavy alcohol consumption [n (%)] | 210,834 (4.92) | 30,283 (7.20) | 33,326 (6.10) | 13,710 (8.17) | 16,638 (6.58) | 67,853 (7.61) | 3411 (6.67) | 48,463 (9.09) | < 0.0001 |
Regular exercise [n (%)] | 2,541,420 (59.31) | 260,190 (61.82) | 293,397 (53.69) | 93,740 (55.88) | 161,106 (63.71) | 570,158 (63.96) | 27,892 (54.53) | 312,759 (58.65) | < 0.0001 |
Low-income level [n (%)] | 837,078 (19.54) | 75,366 (17.91) | 125,579 (22.98) | 33,867 (20.19) | 51,276 (20.28) | 164,795 (18.49) | 11,868 (23.20) | 104,572 (19.61) | < 0.0001 |
Body weight (kg) | 59.49 ± 8.37 | 72.04 ± 8.25 | 60.46 ± 8.42 | 71.68 ± 9.25 | 65.77 ± 7.76 | 75.45 ± 9.61 | 64.27 ± 7.95 | 77.32 ± 11.25 | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.98 ± 1.72 | 25.94 ± 0.99 | 22.86 ± 1.50 | 26.16 ± 1.16 | 24.01 ± 0.95 | 27.22 ± 1.87 | 24.22 ± 0.82 | 28.06 ± 2.27 | < 0.0001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 75.86 ± 6.68 | 84.32 ± 5.64 | 80.51 ± 6.32 | 87.35 ± 5.65 | 80.61 ± 5.66 | 87.13 ± 6.40 | 83.69 ± 5.58 | 90.81 ± 6.61 | < 0.0001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.44 ± 13.06 | 121.08 ± 12.19 | 128.34 ± 13.71 | 129.13 ± 13.07 | 120.18 ± 12.82 | 122.39 ± 12.33 | 128.46 ± 13.50 | 129.93 ± 12.95 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.52 ± 9.09 | 76.01 ± 8.80 | 79.50 ± 9.49 | 80.72 ± 9.36 | 75.20 ± 9.03 | 76.86 ± 8.86 | 79.58 ± 9.43 | 81.36 ± 9.41 | < 0.0001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 92.33 ± 11.81 | 93.34 ± 11.25 | 102.51 ± 16.84 | 102.15 ± 15.58 | 93.86 ± 14.94 | 93.84 ± 12.14 | 103.49 ± 22.04 | 102.76 ± 17.75 | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 193.65 ± 33.13 | 200.91 ± 33.71 | 205.38 ± 41.23 | 207.42 ± 38.75 | 195.26 ± 33.09 | 200.79 ± 32.87 | 202.51 ± 40.57 | 206.38 ± 37.89 | < 0.0001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 90.83 (90.79-90.88) | 111.53 (111.37-111.69) | 146.30 (146.10-146.49) | 164.24 (163.88-164.61) | 94.74 (94.56-94.91) | 109.10 (109.00-109.21) | 139.24 (138.64-139.84) | 157.73 (157.54-157.93) | < 0.0001 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 58.84 ± 14.06 | 54.54 ± 12.66 | 51.44 ± 14.10 | 48.87 ± 12.56 | 56.70 ± 13.59 | 53.95 ± 12.20 | 51.14 ± 13.68 | 48.95 ± 12.19 | < 0.0001 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 114.72 ± 33.77 | 121.79 ± 33.90 | 121.53 ± 40.13 | 122.88 ± 38.46 | 117.63 ± 33.02 | 123.03 ± 33.50 | 120.39 ± 38.89 | 123.11 ± 37.63 | < 0.0001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 94.99 ± 52.76 | 96.06 ± 65.89 | 89.45 ± 45.04 | 91.67 ± 53.09 | 93.21 ± 54.28 | 93.34 ± 59.90 | 88.94 ± 47.30 | 91.17 ± 55.65 | < 0.0001 |
ALT (U/l) | 20.65 ± 14.00 | 28.31 ± 20.48 | 25.52 ± 16.85 | 33.28 ± 24.19 | 22.44 ± 14.75 | 29.07 ± 20.46 | 25.63 ± 16.70 | 35.15 ± 25.43 | < 0.0001 |
AST (U/l) | 23.46 ± 10.89 | 25.48 ± 12.04 | 26.56 ± 13.85 | 28.12 ± 14.04 | 24.13 ± 11.49 | 26.00 ± 12.17 | 26.17 ± 13.54 | 28.77 ± 14.43 | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 466,017 (10.88) | 53,477 (12.71) | 246,919 (45.19) | 66,006 (39.35) | 40,418 (15.98) | 151,788 (17.03) | 25,130 (49.13) | 230,313 (43.19) | < 0.0001 |
Dyslipidemia [n (%)] | 434,994 (10.15) | 55,018 (13.07) | 267,255 (48.91) | 61,665 (36.76) | 26,844 (10.62) | 110,729 (12.42) | 23,703 (46.34) | 185,106 (34.71) | < 0.0001 |