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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics before and after matching

From: Better cardiovascular outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus DPP-4 inhibitors in clinical practice

 

Before matching

After matching

GLP-1RA (N = 3555)

DPP4i (N = 23,033)

SMD*

p value**

GLP-1RA (N = 2807)

DPP4i (N = 2807)

SMD*

p value**

Demographics

 Age at index date (years)

61.1 (9.7)

70.0 (10.6)

0.85

0

63.4 (8.6)

63.4 (10.2)

0.00

0.437

 Female sex (%)

38.9

41.3

0.05

0.006

39.5

39.9

0.01

0.785

 Claims-based history lengtha (months)

50.3 (21.0)

44.0 (21.1)

0.30

0

47.8 (21.3)

48.3 (20.9)

0.02

0.242

 Claims-based diabetes durationb (months)

94.1 (61.5)

114.9 (67.3)

0.31

0.000

100.0 (62.8)

100.5 (61.8)

0.01

0.295

Risk factors

 Hypertension (%)

82.1

84.1

0.05

0.003

82.9

82.4

0.01

0.672

 Dyslipidaemia (%)

67.9

71.7

0.08

0

68.8

69.0

0.00

0.908

Macrovascular complications

 Peripheral circulatory complications (%)

1.0

2.6

0.10

0

1.1

1.5

0.03

0.286

 Infarction (%)

4.7

8.4

0.14

0

5.1

5.3

0.01

0.718

 Ischemic heart disease (%)

9.1

14.6

0.16

0.000

9.7

10.2

0.02

0.532

 Stroke or TIA (%)

3.1

5.6

0.11

0.000

3.2

3.9

0.04

0.169

 Heart failure (%)

2.0

5.7

0.16

0

2.2

2.6

0.02

0.435

 Cardiovascular disease (%)

13.1

22.2

0.22

0.000

13.7

15.1

0.04

0.149

Microvascular complications

 Neurological complications (%)

0.2

0.5

0.04

0.049

0.2

0.3

0.01

0.789

 Ocular complications (%)

0.2

0.4

0.03

0.160

0.2

0.2

0.01

1.000

 Renal complications (%)

0.2

0.8

0.07

0

0.2

0.3

0.01

0.789

 Chronic kidney disease (%)

1.1

5.3

0.20

0.000

1.4

1.8

0.03

0.285

Severe hypoglycaemia (%)

0.5

1.2

0.07

0.000

0.4

0.6

0.02

0.570

Comorbidities

 Chronic pulmonary disease (%)

29.6

28.5

0.03

0.164

29.6

30.3

0.01

0.620

 Systemic inflammatory disease (%)

2.2

1.9

0.02

0.414

2.2

2.3

0.00

1.000

 Cancer (%)

8.9

14.0

0.15

0

10.3

9.8

0.02

0.563

 Charlson comorbidity index

0.3 (0.9)

0.6 (1.3)

0.20

0

0.3 (0.9)

0.4 (1.0)

0.03

0.493

Glucose lowering medications

 No. of different A10B therapiesc

1.8 (0.9)

1.8 (0.8)

0.03

0.201

1.8 (0.9)

1.8 (0.9)

0.02

0.306

 Ever used insulin(%)

19.8

15.3

0.12

0

17.4

17.6

0.00

0.888

 Long-acting insulin (%)

15.2

12.2

0.09

0

13.6

13.7

0.00

0.938

 Metformin (%)

91.3

85.2

0.18

0

90.7

91.0

0.01

0.746

 Sulfonylureas (%)

45.8

58.8

0.26

0

49.6

48.2

0.03

0.310

 SGLT-2i (%)

6.2

0.8

0.44

0

2.2

1.3

0.07

0.015

 Pioglitazone (%)

15.0

9.7

0.17

0

14.2

13.9

0.01

0.818

Other therapies

 ACE inhibitors (%)

71.8

71.6

0.00

0.838

72.0

72.2

0.00

0.905

 Diuretics (%)

19.4

27.4

0.18

0.000

20.6

20.3

0.01

0.843

 Beta blockers (%)

33.9

38.4

0.09

0.000

35.2

34.9

0.01

0.823

 Other antihypertensives (%)

8.3

9.4

0.04

0.036

8.9

8.5

0.01

0.670

 Statins (%)

59.1

64.0

0.10

0.000

60.5

61.0

0.01

0.702

 Fibrates or omega-3 (%)

12.0

10.2

0.06

0.001

11.0

11.1

0.00

0.966

 Ezetimibe (%)

2.6

2.0

0.04

0.017

2.4

2.6

0.02

0.606

 Platelet aggregation inhibitors (%)

31.3

44.8

0.27

0.000

34.3

34.3

0.00

0.978

Clinical-laboratory datad

 Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

    

163.1 (44.8)

162.0 (50.4)

0.02

0.267

 HbA1c (%)

    

7.8 (0.9)

7.7 (0.8)

0.11

0.095

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

    

173.4 (36.6)

174.0 (36.4)

0.02

0.458

 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

    

49.5 (13.4)

49.9 (13.1)

0.02

0.246

 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

    

97.5 (31.7)

97.6 (32.5)

< 0.01

0.486

 Triglycerides (mg/dL)

    

134.0 (53.6)

129.7 (56.7)

0.08

0.052

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

    

83.9 (16.6)

82.1 (18.5)

0.10

0.115

 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

    

142.2 (17.8)

141.8 (49.3)

0.01

0. 035

 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

    

81.4 (10.0)

79.8 (10.4)

0.15

0.017

  1. Therapy variables were calculated starting from 12 months before the index date, unless otherwise indicated. Pre-existing conditions were calculated with all available data up to the index date. Clinical-laboratory data refer to the visit closest to the index date. Absolute SMD values are shown
  2. a Time interval between the first available claim and the index date
  3. b Time interval between the first claim or exemption from co-payment indicating diabetes and the index date
  4. c Computed using all available data up to the index date
  5. d Data from 1011 available patients
  6. * Standardized mean differences (positive if GLP-1RA greater).** Chi squared test for dichotomous variables (expressed as  %), Mann–Whitney’s U test otherwise