Table 1 Baseline and metabolic parameters T2DM patients with or without metabolic syndrome and the normal controls

Baseline characteristics

 Age (y)

50.95 ± 10.185

54.85 ± 10.87

54.48 ± 9.61

 Male (n)

10(50.0%)

15(65.2%)

16(53.3%)

 High (cm)

162.70 ± 7.08

162.85 ± 9.23

164.13 ± 7.29

 Weigh (kg)

61.30 ± 5.96

58.52 ± 8.22

66.54 ± 8.55*β

 BMI

23.14 ± 1.49

22.03 ± 2.30

24.71 ± 3.05β

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

119.45 ± 7.22

130.36 ± 16.86

132. ± 19.22*

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.75 ± 7.81

76.42 ± 7.67

80.09 ± 10.53

 Duration of diabetes (y)

–

7.32 ± 7.24

7.90 ± 4.59

 Waist circumference (cm)

–

83.33 ± 5.79

93.37 ± 1.05

Metabolic characteristics

 HbA1c (%)

5.38 ± 0.34

6.47 ± 2.87*

6.75 ± 2.76*

 GLU (mmol/l)

5.07 ± 0.43

7.11 ± 5.12*

5.70 ± 3.94

 TG (mmol/l)

1.03 ± 0.27

1.14 ± 0.41

1.76 ± 1.64*

 TC (mmol/l)

4.30 ± 0.57

4.29 ± 0.86

4.59 ± 0.83

 HDL (mmol/l)

1.31 ± 0.28

1.47 ± 0.34

1.23 ± 0.36

 LDL (mmol/l)

2.71 ± 0.53

2.36 ± 0.73

2.70 ± 0.74

 Creatinine (μmol/l)

–

66.20 ± 12.59

73.97 ± 22.15

 GFR (30 ml/min)

–

99.84 ± 10.32

95.85 ± 19.17

 AST (U/l)

–

23.00 ± 12.07

25.58 ± 15.82

 ALT (U/l)

–

24.53 ± 8.94

23.04 ± 8.94

 Uric acid (μmol/l)

340.00 ± 37.04

331.81 ± 60.49

359.88 ± 95.95

Medication, n (%)

 Insulin

–

7 (33%)

10 (31%)

 Metformin

–

11 (52%)

19 (59%)

 Sulfonylurea

–

2 (9%)

9 (28%)

 α-Glucosidase inhibitor

–

5 (24%)

16 (50%)

 ACEI

–

0

4 (13%)

 Statin

–

2 (9%)

7 (22%)