Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to ABO blood groups

From: Relationship between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes according to diabetic nephropathy status

 

O

A

B

AB

p

n = 1333 (29.4%)

n = 2012 (44.4%)

n = 796 (17.6%)

n = 390 (8.6%)

value

Sex (female  %)

46.5

47.5

48.0

50.3

0.62

Age (years)

38.0 (29.2–47.5)

38.2 (29.2–47.8)

39.2 (29.1–48.4)

39.3 (29.0–48.5)

0.81

Duration of diabetes (years)

21.5 (11.3–30.8)

20.4 (11.4–30.3)

21.3 (12.0–30.7)

21.0 (11.2–32.7)

0.47

HbA1c (%)

8.4 ± 1.5

8.4 ± 1.5

8.4 ± 1.5

8.3 ± 1.4

0.46

Smoking history (%)

46.4

47.5

47.4

46.9

0.95

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

25.1 ± 3.5

25.1 ± 3.8

25.0 ± 3.5

25.0 ± 3.9

0.81

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.87 ± 0.08

0.87 ± 0.09

0.87 ± 0.09

0.87 ± 0.08

0.71

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

134 ± 18

135 ± 19

134 ± 18

135. ± 20

0.44

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80 ± 10

80 ± 10

80 ± 10

79 ± 10

0.74

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.90 ± 0.99

4.95 ± 1.01

4.87 ± 0.93

4.95 ± 0.95

0.17

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.32 ± 0.38

1.33 ± 0.39

1.35 ± 0.40

1.36 ± 0.41

0.25

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.06 (0.78–1.51)

1.03 (0.78–1.52)

1.01 (0.77–1.45)

1.04 (0.75–1.40)

0.16

Hs-CRP (mg/l)

4.5 ± 9.4

4.6 ± 9.4

4.2 ± 8.5

4.7 ± 9.0

0.64

DN groups

    

0.42

Normoalbuminuria (n,  %)

862 (64.7)

1311 (65.2)

505 (63.4)

253 (64.9)

 

Microalbuminuria (n,  %)

178 (13.4)

251 (12.5)

109 (13.7)

44 (11.3)

 

Macroalbuminuria (n,  %)

199 (14.9)

272 (13.5)

124 (15.6)

55 (14.1)

 

ESRD (n,  %)

94 (7.0)

178 (8.8)

58 (7.3)

38 (9.7)

 

Laser treatment (%)

34.7

31.9

35.2

34.3

0.22

Lipid lowering therapy (%)

13.0

14.6

11.6

15.0

0.36

Blood Pressure lowering therapy (%)

38.8

39.3

39.0

40.0

0.98

ACE/ARB users (%)

30.3

31.0

30.7

30.5

0.98

FUT2 Secretor (%)

81.4

82.7

82.4

83.5

0.72

Antibiotic purchases per person year

0.62 (0.30–1.46)

0.63 (0.28–1.33)

0.59 (0.26–1.34)

0.60 (0.28–1.30)

0.90

IHD (n,  %)

82 (6.2)

132 (6.6)

49 (6.2)

30 (7.7)

0.50

Socioeconomic status

 Blue collar  worker (%)

56.9

58.0

60.7

57.0

0.48

 White collar  worker (%)

32.6

30.2

30.4

32.3

 Others (%)

3.6

4.3

2.8

3.2

 Not known (%)

6.9

7.5

6.1

7.6

 Alcohol consumption (g/week)

48.0 (24.0–84.0)

48.0 (24.0–84.0)

42.0 (24.0–84.0)

36.0 (24.0–84.0)

0.06

 Abstainers (%)

26.5

27.1

26.8

26.7

0.18

 Missing data (%)

9.3

9.8

9.8

6.2

0.76

  1. Data are given as mean ± SD or median and interquartile range
  2. HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, Hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, DN diabetic nephropathy, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, HDL high-density lipoprotein, FUT2 fucosyltransferase-2, IHD ischemic heart disease
  3. p value refers to ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test or χ2-test adjusted for age at baseline when applicable. Comparisons are made among ABO blood groups
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840