Table 1 Clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics of patients stratified according to T2DM and coronary collateral flow
Variable | All patients (n = 533) | Non-diabetes (n = 335) (63%) | Diabetes (n = 198) (37%) | p value (non-diabetes vs diabetes) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rentrop coronary collateral classification | All | Good CC (n = 237) (71%) | Poor CC (n = 98) (29%) | p value | All | Good CC (n = 118) (60%) | Poor CC (n = 80) (40%) | p value | 0.008 | |
Age (years) | 62.61 ± 10.99 | 62.37 ± 11.35 | 61.66 ± 11.10 | 64.08 ± 11.81 | 0.075 | 63.02 ± 10.36 | 63.26 ± 10.13 | 62.65 ± 10.75 | 0.684 | 0.511 |
Men | 427 (80%) | 281 (84%) | 202 (85%) | 79 (81%) | 0.296 | 146 (74%) | 87 (74%) | 59 (74%) | 0.997 | 0.005 |
CAD risk factors | ||||||||||
Hypertension | 374 (70%) | 222 (66%) | 149 (63%) | 73 (74%) | 0.041 | 152 (77%) | 96 (81%) | 56 (70%) | 0.063 | 0.01 |
Diabetes | ||||||||||
 Current smoking | 195 (37%) | 119 (36%) | 87 (37%) | 32 (33%) | 0.48 | 76 (38%) | 43 (36%) | 33 (41%) | 0.495 | 0.508 |
 Hypercholesterolemia | 69 (13%) | 37 (11%) | 25 (11%) | 12 (12%) | 0.652 | 32 (16%) | 18 (15%) | 14 (18%) | 0.674 | 0.089 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.56 ± 3.27 | 25.37 ± 3.12 | 25.35 ± 3.03 | 25.42 ± 3.34 | 0.861 | 25.87 ± 3.49 | 25.79 ± 3.26 | 25.98 ± 3.84 | 0.73 | 0.09 |
 Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 84.61 ± 19.28 | 85.12 ± 17.42 | 85.97 ± 17.24 | 83.05 ± 17.78 | 0.163 | 83.76 ± 22.08 | 84.29 ± 21.22 | 82.98 ± 23.41 | 0.684 | 0.432 |
 LVEF (%),at baseline | 52.39 ± 7.38 | 53.00 ± 7.27 | 53.52 ± 6.81 | 51.74 ± 8.18 | 0.042 | 51.36 ± 7.46 | 51.70 ± 7.48 | 50.85 ± 7.44 | 0.431 | 0.013 |
 Severity of coronary artery disease |  |  |  |  | 0.967 |  |  |  | 0.751 | 0.006 |
 1 | 111 (21%) | 82 (24%) | 58 (24%) | 24 (24%) |  | 29 (15%) | 19 (16%) | 10 (12%) |  |  |
 2 | 214 (40%) | 137 (41%) | 96 (41%) | 41 (42%) |  | 77 (39%) | 46 (39%) | 31 (39%) |  |  |
 3 | 208 (39%) | 116 (35%) | 83 (35%) | 33 (34%) |  | 92 (46%) | 53 (45%) | 39 (49%) |  |  |
 Number of CTO lesions recanalized | 560 | 350 | 250 | 100 |  | 210 | 123 | 87 |  |  |
 Location of CTO lesion |  |  |  |  | 0.001 |  |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.864 |
 Left anterior descending | 189 (34%) | 121 (35%) | 72 (29%) | 49 (49%) |  | 68 (32%) | 31 (25%) | 37 (42%) |  |  |
 Left circumflex artery | 82 (15%) | 51 (14%) | 37 (14%) | 14 (14%) |  | 31 (15%) | 13 (11%) | 18 (21%) |  |  |
 Right coronary artery | 289 (51%) | 178 (51%) | 141 (57%) | 37 (37%) |  | 111 (53%) | 79 (64%) | 32 (37%) |  |  |
 Number of stents for CTO vessel | 2.01 ± 0.93 | 2.03 ± 0.93 | 2.08 ± 0.96 | 1.90 ± 0.85 | 0.109 | 1.99 ± 0.92 | 2.08 ± 0.90 | 1.85 ± 0.93 | 0.073 | 0.621 |
 Complete revascularization (%) | 433 (81%) | 268 (80%) | 187 (79%) | 81 (83%) | 0.435 | 165 (83%) | 98 (83%) | 67 (84%) | 0.897 | 0.341 |
Medications | ||||||||||
 Oral antiplatelet agent | 533 (100%) | 335 (100%) | 237 (100%) | 98 (100%) | – | 198 (100%) | 118 (100%) | 80 (100%) | – | – |
 Statin | 486 (91%) | 301 (90%) | 217 (92%) | 84 (86%) | 0.107 | 185 (93%) | 107 (91%) | 78 (97%) | 0.057 | 0.159 |
 β-blocker | 439 (82%) | 276 (82%) | 192 (81%) | 84 (86%) | 0.304 | 163 (82%) | 93 (79%) | 70 (87%) | 0.116 | 0.985 |
 ACEI or ARB | 320 (60%) | 206 (61%) | 154 (65%) | 52 (53%) | 0.041 | 114 (58%) | 66 (56%) | 48 (60%) | 0.570 | 0.372 |
 Insulin | 25 (5%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 25 (13%) | 15 (13%) | 10 (12%) | 0.965 | – |
 Oral antidiabetic drug | 173 (32%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 173 (87%) | 103 (87%) | 70 (88%) | 0.965 | – |