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Table 3 In-hospital and overall mortality according to DM in 3 subtypes of HF

From: Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)1

In-hospital mortality

 LVEF < 40%

  Non-DM

1.00

1.00

  DM

1.28 (0.92–1.77)

0.96 (0.68–1.35)

 40% ≤ LVEF < 50%

  Non-DM

1.00

1.00

  DM

0.83 (0.41–1.68)

0.71 (0.33–1.53)

 LVEF ≥ 50%

  Non-DM

1.00

1.00

  DM

0.94 (0.50–1.77)

0.79 (0.41–1.51)

Overall mortality

 LVEF < 40%

  Non-DM

1.00

1.00

  DM

1.48 (1.33–1.64)

1.14 (1.02–1.27)

 40% ≤ LVEF < 50%

  Non-DM

1.00

1.00

  DM

1.19 (0.98–1.44)

0.99 (0.80–1.22)

 LVEF ≥ 50%

  Non-DM

1.00

1.00

  DM

1.15 (0.98–1.35)

1.13 (0.96–1.34)

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, etiology of heart failure (ischemic vs. non-ischemic), prior admission history due to HF, parenteral inotropics usage, creatinine concentration (< 2.0 vs. ≥ 2.0 mg/dL), elevated BNP (≥ 500) or NTproBNP (≥ 1000), NYHA class (III–IV or I–II) on admission, and smoking status (current or ex-smoker vs. never-smoker)