Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study

Table 2 Independent predictors of in-hospital and overall mortality on multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model

Variables	Adjusted HR^a	P value
In-hospital mortality
DM	0.81 (0.61–1.07)	0.137
Age (years)	1.03 (1.02–1.04)	< 0.001
Ischemic cause (vs non-ischemic cause)	1.41 (1.07–1.86)	0.016
Parenteral inotropics usage	5.14 (3.43–7.68)	< 0.001
Serum creatinine ≥ 2.0 (vs < 2.0 mg/dL)	1.54 (1.15–2.07)	0.015
Overall mortality
DM	1.11 (1.03–1.22)	0.013
Age (years)	1.04 (1.04–1.05)	< 0.001
Sex (male)	1.26 (1.14–1.38)	< 0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)
Underweight vs. Normal	1.66 (1.47–1.88)	< 0.001
Overweight or obese vs. Normal	0.80 (0.73–0.89)	< 0.001
Ischemic cause (vs non-ischemic cause)	1.17 (1.07–1.27)	< 0.001
Prior admission history due to HF	1.51 (1.39–1.64)	< 0.001
Parenteral inotropics usage	1.41 (1.30–1.55)	< 0.001
Serum creatinine ≥ 2.0 (vs < 2.0 mg/dL)	1.63 (1.50–1.83)	< 0.001
Higher BNP (≥ 500), or NT-proBNP (≥ 1000) during index hospitalization	1.32 (1.22–1.49)	< 0.001
NYHA class III–IV on admission	1.35 (1.22–1.49)	< 0.001

^aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, etiology of heart failure (ischemic vs. non-ischemic), prior admission history due to HF, parenteral inotropics usage, creatinine concentration (< 2.0 vs. ≥ 2.0 mg/dL), elevated BNP (≥ 500) or NT-proBNP (≥ 1000), NYHA class (III-IV or I-II) on admission, and smoking status (current or ex-smoker vs. never-smoker)

ISSN: 1475-2840