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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: The relationship between carotid disease and retinopathy in diabetes: a systematic review

First author name

Study name

Year published

Year(s) data collected

Country

Study design

Sample Size

Diabetes type

Age (years)

Females (%)

Diabetes duration (years)

Cardoso [23]

Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study

2019

Baseline: 2004–2008 follow up: 2017

Brazil

Prospective cohort study

478

2

60 ± 9.1

64.0

8 [3–15]

Hjelmgren [32]

Western Region initiative to Gather Information on Atherosclerosis (WINGA) Database

2019

2004–2010

Sweden

Cross-sectional analysis of retrospective data

445

2

68.9 ± 9.6

35.3

7.9 ± 7.0

Ichinohasama [8]

 

2019

 

Japan

Cross-sectional

129

2

54.0 [40.5–64.5] in no DR group,

55.5 [43.0–63.5] in mild NPDR group

41.8

6.0 [2.0–11.5] in no DR group, 11.0 [6.3–15.8] in mild NPDR group

Carbonell [7]

 

2018

 

Spain

Cross-sectional

340

1

45.0 [37.0–53.0]

54.4

20 [14–29]

Liu [34]

Meilong Town Diabetes Health Management Program

2015

2013

China

Cross-sectional community-based

1607

2

65.0 ± 7.6

55.3

9.9 [5.2–16.9] in DR group and 6.0 [2.9–11.0] in no DR group

Alonso [28]

 

2015

 

Spain

Cross-sectional

312

2

59.0 [48.5–66.0] in no DR group,

61.0 [54.0–68.0] in DR group

49.4

6 [2.5–10] in no DR group, 11 [6–20] in DR group

Jung [27]

 

2013

2009–2011

South Korea

Cross-sectional analysis of retrospective data

131

2

55.6 ± 11.3

45.8

7.4 ± 6.8

Cardoso [29]

Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study

2012

2004–2007

Brazil

Cross-sectional

441

2

60 ± 8.6

63.9

10.2 ± 8.6

Yun [10]

 

2011

 

South Korea

Cross-sectional

605

2

67.9 ± 9.8

69.8

8.7 ± 7.7

Son [10]

 

2011

2008–2010

South Korea

Cross-sectional

142

2

52.4 ± 13.6

31.7

Newly diagnosed

Araszkiewicz [30]

 

2011

 

Poland

Cross-sectional

87

1

34 [29–43]

50.6

10 [9–14]

Lacroix [33]

 

2006

 

France

Cross-sectional

300

2

62.5 ± 12.6

44.7

11 ± 9.2

Distiller [31]

 

2006

 

South Africa

Cross-sectional

148

1

48 (19–76)

48.6

26 (18–59)

Rema [9]

The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-2)

2004

 

India

Cross-sectional population-based

590

2

52 ± 11

56.4

4 ± 5

  1. Data presented as mean ± SD, median (range), percentage, median [inter-quartile range] or number. Some cells left blank intentionally as these data were not provided