From: Report from the 5th cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOT) summit
Cardiovascular endpoints | CAROLINA [18] | PIONEER-6 [20] | REWIND [19] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | HR (95% CI) p-value | Class | HR (95% CI) p-value | Class | HR (95% CI) p-value | |
Primary composite outcome | CV-death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) p < 0.001 (non-inferiority) p = 0.76 (superiority) | Death from CV causes (including undetermined causes of death), non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke | 0.79 (0.57–1.11) p < 0.001 (non-inferiority) p = 0.17 (superiority) | Death from CV causes or unknown causes, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke | 0.88 (0.79–0.99)a p = 0.026 (superiority) |
Cardiovascular death | Secondary or tertiary outcome | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | Secondary outcomeb | 0.51 (0.31–0.84)b | Secondary outcome | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) p = 0.21 |
Myocardial infarction (fatal and non-fatal) | Secondary or tertiary outcome | 1.03 (0.82–1.29) | Non-fatal MI Secondary outcome | 1.18 (0.73–1.90) | Secondary outcome | 0.96 (0.79–1.15) p = 0.63 |
Stroke (fatal and non-fatal) | Secondary or tertiary outcome | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | Non-fatal stroke Secondary outcome | 0.74 (0.35–1.57) | Secondary outcome | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) p = 0.010 |
Hospitalisation for unstable angina | Secondary or tertiary outcome | 1.07 (0.74–1.54) | Secondary outcome | 1.56 (0.60–4.01) | Secondary outcome | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) p = 0.41 |
Hospitalisation for heart failure | Secondary or tertiary outcome | 1.21 (0.92–1.59) | Secondary outcome | 0.86 (0.48–1.55) | Secondary outcome | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) p = 0.46 |
All-cause death | Secondary or tertiary outcome | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | Secondary outcome | 0.51 (0.31–0-84) | Secondary outcome | 0.90 (0.80–1.01) p = 0.067 |
Other outcomes | 4P-MACEd Key secondary endpoint | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | Expanded composite outcomec | 0.82 (0.61–1.10) | Composite microvascular outcome | Eye: 1.24 (0.92–1.68) p = 0.16 |
Renal: 0.85 (0.77–0.93) p = 0.0004 |
 | Event rate (%) linagliptin vs. glimepiride group | Event rate (%) active vs. placebo group | Event rate (%) active vs. placebo group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary composite outcome | 11.8 vs. 12.0 | 3.8 vs. 4.8 | 12.0 vs. 13.4 | |||
Adverse events | No. (%) linagliptin vs. glimepiride group p-value | No. (%) active vs. placebo group p-value | No. (%) active vs. placebo group p-value | |||
Renal event | – – | 2.0 vs. 2.3 – | 1.7 vs. 1.9 0.46 | |||
Acute pancreatitis | 0.5 vs. 0.5 – | 0.1 vs. 0.2 – | 0.5 vs. 0.3 0.11 | |||
Severe hypoglycaemic events | 0.3 vs. 2.2e – | 1.4 vs. 0.8 – | 1.3 vs. 1.5 0.38 |