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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Association of small dense low-density lipoprotein with cardiovascular outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes: a prospective, observational cohort study

Variables

Total

sdLDL Q1

sdLDL Q2

sdLDL Q3

sdLDL Q4

p

n = 4148

n = 1036

n = 1028

n = 1035

n = 1049

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

59.7 ± 9.8

58.4 ± 9.0

57.5 ± 8.8

56.5 ± 8.8

56.0 ± 8.9

< 0.001

 Male, n (%)

2967 (71.5)

748 (72.2)

747 (72.7)

760 (73.4)

712 (67.9)

0.022

 BMI (kg/m2)

26.0 ± 3.1

25.5 ± 3.1

25.8 ± 3.2

26.1 ± 2.9

26.5 ± 3.0

< 0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

2686 (64.8)

649 (62.6)

672 (65.4)

661 (63.9)

704 (67.1)

0.164

 Glucose metabolism status, n (%)

0.001

  NGR

892 (21.5)

272 (26.3)

211 (20.5)

211 (20.4)

198 (18.9)

 

  Pre-DM

1702 (41.0)

407 (39.3)

413 (40.2)

447 (43.2)

435 (41.5)

 

  DM

1554 (37.5)

357 (34.5)

404 (39.3)

377 (36.4)

416 (39.7)

 

 Family history of CAD, n (%)

594 (14.3)

129 (12.5)

141 (13.7)

149 (14.4)

175 (16.7)

0.045

 Current smoker, n (%)

2284 (55.1)

578 (55.8)

563 (54.8)

565 (54.6)

578 (55.1)

0.95

 Drinking, n (%)

1376 (33.2)

352 (34.1)

330 (32.1)

352 (34.0)

341 (32.5)

0.694

Laboratory findings

 Glucose (mmol/L)

6.2 ± 2.0

5.8 ± 1.7

6.2 ± 2.1

6.2 ± 2.0

6.5 ± 2.2

< 0.001

 HbA1c (%)

6.5 ± 1.2

6.4 ± 1.1

6.6 ± 1.3

6.5 ± 1.2

6.6 ± 1.3

< 0.001

 Creatinine (μmol)

77.3 ± 15.2

77.6 ± 15.9

78.2 ± 15.6

77.4 ± 15.3

76.8 ± 15.6

0.544

 TC (mmol/L)

4.12 ± 1.08

3.24 ± 0.74

3.80 ± 0.69

4.22 ± 0.74

5.19 ± 1.02

< 0.001

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.05 ± 0.29

1.08 ± 0.30

1.06 ± 0.30

1.02 ± 0.28

1.04 ± 0.27

< 0.001

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.50 ± 0.94

1.79 ± 0.64

2.26 ± 0.59

2.62 ± 0.69

3.34 ± 1.00

< 0.001

 Non-HDL-C (mmol/L)

3.07 ± 1.04

2.15 ± 0.67

2.74 ± 0.59

3.20 ± 0.64

4.15 ± 0.97

< 0.001

 sdLDL (mg/dL)

30.18 ± 16.14

13.42 ± 3.25

22.39 ± 2.36

32.20 ± 3.47

52.37 ± 13.02

< 0.001

 TG (mmol/L)

1.50 (1.10–2.12)

1.07 (0.87–1.33)

1.37 (1.09–1.74)

1.67 (1.32–2.19)

2.24 (1.74–2.98)

< 0.001

 Gensini score

22 (10–38)

22 (10–37)

22 (11–36)

24 (13–38)

24 (13–41)

0.047

Medications

 Statins at baseline, n (%)

2645 (63.8)

732 (70.7)

690 (67.1)

370 (64.3)

491 (53.2)

< 0.001

 Statins at discharge, n (%)

3989 (96.2)

1020 (98.5)

991 (96.4)

986 (95.3)

992 (94.6)

< 0.001

 Aspirin at baseline, n (%)

2505 (60.4)

617 (59.6)

601 (58.5)

633 (61.2)

654 (62.3)

0.280

 ACEIs/ARBs at baseline, n (%)

1143 (27.6)

271 (26.2)

297 (28.9)

293 (28.3)

282 (26.9)

0.482

 β-blockers at baseline, n (%)

2202 (53.1)

551 (53.2)

542 (52.7)

562 (54.3)

547 (52.1)

0.333

 Antidiabetic drugs at baseline

  OADs, n (%)

815 (19.6)

217 (20.9)

192 (18.7)

185 (17.9)

223 (21.1)

0.163

  Insulin, n (%)

462 (11.1)

122 (11.8)

100 (9.7)

126 (12.2)

114 (10.9)

0.297

  1. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, median with 25th and 75th percentile or n (%)
  2. BMI body mass index, NGR normal glucose regulation, Pre-DM pre-diabetes mellitus, DM diabetes mellitus, HbA1c haemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, GS Gensini score, ACEIs ACE inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, OADs oral antidiabetes drugs