| Exenatide group (n = 27) | Insulin group (n = 32) | P1 value |
---|---|---|---|
Primary endpoint | |||
 Carotid intima-media thickness, adjusted mean change (95% CI) (mm) | − 0.10 (− 0.18, − 0.02) | 0.03 (− 0.03, 0.11) | 0.016 |
Secondary endpoints | |||
 Weight (kg) | − 2.21 ± 3.43** | 1.57 ± 2.96** | < 0.01 |
 Systolic pressure (mmHg) | − 1.85 ± 14.35 | 2.25 ± 18.74 | 0.357 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | − 4.25 ± 11.66 | − 2.12 ± 10.42 | 0.461 |
 HbA1c (%) | − 1.31 ± 1.42** | − 1.09 ± 1.42** | 0.561 |
 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | − 0.79 ± 3.49 | − 2.39 ± 3.40** | 0.085 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | − 0.29 ± 1.20 | − 0.05 ± 1.04 | 0.433 |
 Triglyceride (mmol/L) | − 0.17 ± 1.49 | − 0.08 ± 1.55 | 0.826 |
 Low density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | − 0.36 ± 0.83* | − 0.15 ± 0.87 | 0.365 |
 High density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 0.02 ± 0.16 | − 0.00 ± 0.15 | 0.416 |
 High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.39 ± 2.55 | 1.66 ± 4.55* | 0.183 |
 Fibrinogen (g/L) | 0.35 ± 0.44** | 0.48 ± 0.48** | 0.290 |
 8-OHdG, ng/dL (ng/mL) | − 2.45 ± 0.74** | − 2.00 ± 0.75** | 0.058 |
Exploratory endpoints | |||
 Irisin (pg/mL) | 26.01 ± 7.86** | 24.91 ± 8.65** | 0.665 |
 Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | − 103.55 ± 39.47** | − 84.11 ± 27.95** | 0.065 |