Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients at baseline and treatments during follow-up
Diabetics | Non-diabetics | p-value | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 461 | N = 699 | |||
Age, years | 66.4 ± 10.5 | 64 ± 13.2 | 0.001 | 1160 |
Male | 338 (73.3) | 549 (78.5) | 0.04 | 1160 |
White | 459 (99.6) | 692 (99.0) | 0.20 | 1160 |
Etiology | < 0.001 | 1160 | ||
Ischaemic heart disease | 298 (64.6) | 361 (51.6) | ||
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 56 (12.1) | 105 (15.0) | ||
Hypertensive | 33 (7.2) | 48 (6.9) | ||
Alcohol | 16 (3.5) | 52 (7.4) | ||
Drugs | 7 (1.5) | 27 (3.9) | ||
Valvular | 23 (5.0) | 49 (7.0) | ||
Other | 28 (6.1) | 57 (8.2) | ||
Previous AMI | 238 (51.6) | 306 (43.8) | 0.009 | |
HF duration, months | 7 (2–39) | 6 (1–41) | 0.10 | 1160 |
NYHA class | 0.001 | 1160 | ||
I | 14 (3.0) | 46 (6.6) | ||
II | 318 (60.0) | 499 (71.4) | ||
III | 125 (27.1) | 152 (21.7) | ||
IV | 4 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) | ||
LVEF, % | 30.4 ± 8.4 | 30.3 ± 8.6 | 0.96 | 1160 |
LVEDD, mm | 60.6 ± 7.9 | 61.8 ± 8.6 | 0.02 | 1043 |
LVESD, mm | 48.4 ± 9.4 | 49.8 ± 9.6 | 0.02 | 1027 |
Hypertension | 333 (72.2) | 380 (54.4) | < 0.001 | 1160 |
Anemiaa | 232 (52.3) | 248 (36.3) | < 0.001 | 1127 |
Renal insufficiencyb | 239 (52.2) | 249 (36.1) | < 0.001 | 1148 |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 80 (17.4) | 123 (17.6) | 0.92 | 1160 |
LBBB | 60 (13.0) | 95 (13.6) | 0.78 | 1160 |
Heart rate, bpm | 72.2 ± 13.6 | 69.6 ± 15.1 | 0.003 | 1160 |
Blood pressure, mmHg | 126.5 ± 21.9 | 124.8 ± 21.6 | 0.19 | 1160 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 (25–31.2) | 26.5 (23.9–29.7) | < 0.001 | 1156 |
NTproBNP, ng/L | 1825 (808–4363) | 1530 (611–3344) | 0.01 | 714 |
HF treatments (F-U), n (%) | ||||
ACEI or ARB | 421 (91.3) | 663 (94.8) | 0.02 | 1160 |
Beta-blocker | 436 (94.6) | 658 (94.1) | 0.75 | 1160 |
MRA | 333 (72.2) | 445 (63.7) | 0.002 | 1160 |
Loop diuretic | 441 (95.7) | 621 (88.8) | < 0.001 | 1160 |
Digoxin | 213 (46.2) | 264 (37.8) | 0.004 | 1160 |
Ivabradine | 113 (24.5) | 122 (17.5) | 0.003 | 1160 |
Sacubitril/valsartan | 14 (3.0) | 30 (4.3) | 0.27 | 1160 |
CRT | 23 (5.0) | 45 (6.4) | 0.30 | 1160 |
ICD | 62 (13.4) | 109 (15.6) | 0.31 | 1160 |
Antidiabetic treatments | ||||
Oral drugs baseline | 248 (53.8) | 461 | ||
Insulin baseline | 175 (38.0) | 461 | ||
Oral drugs F-U | 367 (79.6) | 461 | ||
Insulin F-U | 305 (66.2) | 461 | ||