Table 3 Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study patients according to the TyG index tertiles
Variable | T1 n = 257 | T2 n = 260 | T3 n = 259 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age (years) | 63 ± 9 | 62 ± 10 | 59 ± 11 | < 0.001 |
 Male sex, n (%) | 173 (67.3) | 201 (77.3) | 186 (71.8) | 0.040 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 3.4 | 26.1 ± 3.0 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
Medical measurements (on admission) | ||||
 SBP (mm Hg) | 132 ± 20 | 134 ± 18 | 130 ± 15 | 0.072 |
 DBP (mm Hg) | 74 ± 12 | 76 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | 0.215 |
Risk factors | ||||
 Cigarette smoking | ||||
  Current smokers, n (%) | 90 (35.0) | 102 (39.2) | 118 (45.6) | 0.048 |
  Former smokers, n (%) | 41 (16.0) | 51 (19.6) | 32 (12.4) | 0.078 |
  Never smokers, n (%) | 126 (49.0) | 107 (41.2) | 109 (42.1) | 0.144 |
 Alcohol intake | ||||
  Daily drinkers, n (%) | 14 (5.4) | 28 (10.8) | 32 (12.4) | 0.020 |
 Family history of CHD, n (%) | 69 (26.8) | 87 (33.5) | 82 (31.7) | 0.242 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 183 (71.2) | 175 (67.3) | 174 (67.2) | 0.535 |
 Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 163 (63.4) | 234 (90.0) | 249 (96.1) | < 0.001 |
 Previous MI, n (%) | 55 (21.4) | 55 (21.2) | 56 (21.6) | 0.992 |
 Past PCI, n (%) | 64 (24.9) | 68 (26.2) | 54 (20.8) | 0.335 |
 Previous CVA, n (%) | 18 (7.0) | 16 (6.2) | 14 (5.4) | 0.753 |
 PAD, n (%) | 32 (12.5) | 38 (14.6) | 46 (17.8) | 0.235 |
 CKD, n (%) | 20 (7.8) | 22 (8.5) | 18 (6.9) | 0.812 |
 Cardiac failure, n (%) | 26 (10.1) | 20 (7.7) | 16 (6.2) | 0.250 |
 LVEF (%) | 63 (60–67) | 65 (60–68) | 65 (60–68) | 0.077 |
Clinical presentation | ||||
 UA, n (%) | 211 (82.1) | 194 (74.6) | 205 (79.2) | 0.112 |
 NSTEMI, n (%) | 26 (10.1) | 42 (16.2) | 32 (12.4) | 0.117 |
 STEMI, n (%) | 20 (7.8) | 24 (9.2) | 22 (8.5) | 0.840 |
Laboratory measurements (fasting state) | ||||
 TC (mg/dL) | 141.2 ± 36.6 | 156.1 ± 38.2 | 174.1 ± 42.4 | < 0.001 |
 LDL-C (mg/dL) | 82.3 ± 33.3 | 95.2 ± 32.0 | 102.2 ± 32.7 | < 0.001 |
 HDL-C (mg/dL) | 42.2 ± 10.0 | 38.4 ± 7.7 | 37.4 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
 Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 85.0 (70.8–100.1) | 135.5 (113.3–157.6) | 214.3 (169.1–267.4) | < 0.001 |
 FPG (mg/dL) | 116.0 (104.2–126.2) | 124.2 (108.1–146.9) | 147.6 (128.3–175.2) | < 0.001 |
 Glycosylated haemoglobin (%) | 6.9 (6.5–7.8) | 7.3 (6.7–8.1) | 7.6 (6.8–8.4) | < 0.001 |
 TyG index | 8.54 (8.32–8.68) | 9.03 (8.93–9.14) | 9.63 (9.44–9.89) | < 0.001 |