Fig. 4

Effects of exposure to antimycin A, an inducer for mtDNA oxidative damage, on mtDNA 8-OHdG (a), mtDNA-CN (b), mitochondrial membrane potential (c), PGC1-α mRNA expression (d), sVCAM-1 levels (e), NO levels (f), E-selectin levels (g), and cell viability (h) in glucose-cultured HUVECs. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with the AMA-untreated cells