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Table 4 Adjusted hazard ratios for atrial fibrillation and 95% confidence intervals for time-updated mean HbA1c categories together with albuminuria and eGFR versus the reference group examined by Cox regression

From: Risk of atrial fibrillation in persons with type 2 diabetes and the excess risk in relation to glycaemic control and renal function: a Swedish cohort study

Atrial fibrillation

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Time updated mean HbA1c categories and albuminuria

n events = 179,166

N subjects = 2,471,982

Data used = 96.8%

n events = 175,683

N subjects = 2,429,261

Data used = 95.2%

n events = 173,899

N subjects = 2,408,243

Data used = 94.3%

 Controls (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≤ 6.9% (≤ 52 mmol/mol)–normoalbuminuria

1.22 (1.20–1.24) < 0.0001

1.17 (1.15–1.20) < 0.0001

1.16 (1.14–1.19) < 0.0001

 7.0–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol)–normoalbuminuria

1.22 (1.19–1.25) < 0.0001

1.16 (1.13–1.20) < 0.0001

1.16 (1.13–1.19) < 0.0001

 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol)–normoalbuminuria

1.30 (1.24–1.35) < 0.0001

1.23 (1.17–1.28) < 0.0001

1.24 (1.18–1.29) < 0.0001

 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol)–Normoalbuminuria

1.40 (1.30–1.51) < 0.0001

1.32 (1.23–1.43) < 0.0001

1.31 (1.21–1.42) < 0.0001

 ≥ 9.7% (≥ 83 mmol/mol)–normoalbuminuria

1.43 (1.28–1.61) < 0.0001

1.35 (1.20–1.51) < 0.0001

1.35 (1.20–1.52) < 0.0001

 ≤ 6.9% (≤ 52 mmol/mol)–Not normoalbuminuria

1.68 (1.63–1.73) < 0.0001

1.56 (1.52–1.61) < 0.0001

1.55 (1.50–1.60) < 0.0001

 7.0–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol)–Not normoalbuminuria

1.72 (1.67–1.79) < 0.0001

1.62 (1.56–1.67) < 0.0001

1.61 (1.55–1.67) < 0.0001

 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol)–Not normoalbuminuria

1.86 (1.77–1.95) < 0.0001

1.72 (1.64–1.81) < 0.0001

1.73 (1.64–1.82) < 0.0001

 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol)–Not normoalbuminuria

2.04 (1.90–2.20) < 0.0001

1.85 (1.71–1.99) < 0.0001

1.85 (1.71–2.00) < 0.0001

 ≥ 9.7% (≥ 83 mmol/mol)–Not normoalbuminuria

2.20 (1.97–2.45) < 0.0001

2.00 (1.79–2.23) < 0.0001

2.04 (1.82–2.28) < 0.0001

Time updated mean HbA1c categories and eGFR

n events = 182,743 

N subjects = 2,522,210

Data used = 98.8%

n events = 179,127 

N subjects = 2,477,785

Data used = 97.1%

n events = 176,733 

N subjects = 2,447,085

Data used = 95.8%

 Controls (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≤ 6.9% (≤ 52 mmol/mol) –eGFR ≥ 60

1.26 (1.24–1.29) < 0.0001

1.22 (1.20–1.25) < 0.0001

1.21 (1.19–1.24) < 0.0001

 7.0–7.8% (53- 62 mmol/mol)–eGFR ≥ 60

1.29 (1.26–1.32) < 0.0001

1.24 (1.21–1.28) < 0.0001

1.24 (1.20–1.27) < 0.0001

 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol)–eGFR ≥ 60

1.38 (1.33–1.44) < 0.0001

1.33 (1.27–1.38) < 0.0001

1.33 (1.27–1.39) < 0.0001

 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol)–eGFR ≥ 60

1.51 (1.41–1.61) < 0.0001

1.43 (1.34–1.53) < 0.0001

1.41 (1.32–1.52) < 0.0001

 ≥ 9.7% (≥ 83 mmol/mol)–eGFR >=60

1.55 (1.42–1.71) < 0.0001

1.51 (1.38–1.66)

< 0.0001

1.52 (1.38–1.68) < 0.0001

 ≤ 6.9% (≤ 52 mmol/mol)–eGFR < 60

1.45 (1.42–1.49) < 0.0001

1.33 (1.30–1.37) <  0.0001

1.32 (1.28–1.36) < 0.0001

 7.0–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol)–eGFR < 60

1.54 (1.49–1.60) < 0.0001

1.41 (1.36–1.46) < 0.0001

1.40 (1.35–1.45) < 0.0001

 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol)–eGFR < 60

1.73 (1.65–1.81) < 0.0001

1.55 (1.47–1.62) < 0.0001

1.56 (1.48–1.65) < 0.0001

 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol)–eGFR < 60

1.87 (1.72–2.03)

< 0.0001

1.64 (1.51–1.79)

< 0.0001

1.65 (1.51–1.80)

< 0.0001

 ≥ 9.7% (≥ 83 mmol/mol)–eGFR < 60

1.98 (1.74–2.25)

< 0.0001

1.71 (1.50–1.95)

< 0.0001

1.75 (1.53–2.00)

< 0.0001

Time updated mean HbA1c categories albuminuria and eGFR

n events = 179,980 

N subjects = 2,480,217

Data used = 97.1%

n events = 176,459 

N subjects = 2,437,158

Data used = 95.5%

n events = 174,466 

N subjects = 2,414,092

Data used = 94.6%

 Controls (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≤ 6.9% (≤ 52 mmol/mol)–Normoalbuminuria and eGFR ≥60

1.19 (1.16–1.22) < 0.0001

1.16 (1.13–1.19)

< 0.0001

1.15 (1.12–1.18)

< 0.0001

 7.0–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol)–Normoalbuminuria and  eGFR ≥ 60

1.17 (1.14–1.21) < 0.0001

1.14 (1.10–1.18) < 0.0001

1.13 (1.09–1.17) < 0.0001

 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol)–Normoalbuminuria and eGFR ≥ 60

1.22 (1.16–1.29) < 0.0001

1.17 (1.11–1.24) < 0.0001

1.19 (1.13–1.26) < 0.0001

 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol)–Normoalbuminuria and eGFR ≥ 60

1.30 (1.18–1.43) < 0.0001

1.25 (1.14–1.38) < 0.0001

1.25 (1.13–1.38) < 0.0001

 ≥ 9.7% (≥ 83 mmol/mol)–Normoalbuminuria and eGFR ≥ 60

1.40 (1.22–1.62) < 0.0001

1.35 (1.16–1.56) < 0.0001

1.33 (1.14–1.55) < 0.0002

 ≤ 6.9% (≤ 52 mmol/mol)–Not Normoalbuminuria or eGFR < 60

1.50 (1.47–1.53) < 0.0001

1.39 (1.36–1.42) < 0.0001

1.38 (1.34–1.41) < 0.0001

 7.0–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol)–Not Normoalbuminuria or eGFR < 60

1.57 (1.52–1.61) < 0.0001

1.45 (1.41–1.49) < 0.0001

1.45 (1.41–1.50) < 0.0001

 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol)–Not Normoalbuminuria or eGFR < 60

1.75 (1.68–1.81) < 0.0001

1.60 (1.54–1.66) < 0.0001

1.61 (1.55–1.68) < 0.0001

 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol)–Not Normoalbuminuria or eGFR < 60

1.90 (1.79–2.03) < 0.0001

1.71 (1.60–1.82) < 0.0001

1.72 (1.61–1.84) < 0.0001

 ≥ 9.7% (≥ 83 mmol/mol)–Not Normoalbuminuria or eGFR < 60

2.03 (1.85–2.23) < 0.0001

1.84 (1.67–2.02) < 0.0001

1.88 (1.71–2.08) < 0.0001

  1. Model 1: adjusted for time-updated age and sex
  2. Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for born in Sweden, maximum education level and baseline comorbidities (CHD, HF, VD, stroke, cancer)
  3. Model 3: model 2 additionally adjusted for time-updated diabetes duration