Table 1 Baseline characteristics
|  | Controls n = 2,131,223 | All Type 2 diabetes n = 421,855 | HbA1c categories at baseline (NGSP  %/IFCC mmol/mol) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | ≤ 6.9% (≤52 mmol/mol) n = 210,655 | 7.0–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol) n = 79,876 | 7.9–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol) n = 42,230 | 8.8–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol) n = 20,169 | ≥ 9.7% (≥83 mmol/mol) n = 19,842 | Missing value n = 49,083 | ||
Women | 975,940 (45.8%) | 188,307 (44.6%) | 96,826 (46.0%) | 35,228 (44.1%) | 18,222 (43.1%) | 8287 (41.1%) | 7590 (38.3%) | 22,154 (45.1%) |
Age (years) | 64.6 (12.5) n = 2,131,223 | 64.7 (12.5) n = 421,855 | 65.4 (12.2) n = 210,655 | 65.9 (12.0) n = 79,876 | 64.6 (12.3) n = 42,230 | 62.8 (12.5) n = 20,169 | 60.2 (12.6) n = 19,842 | 62.7 (14.0) n = 49,083 |
Age category | Â | |||||||
 < 55 years | 424,662 (19.9%) | 83,356 (19.8%) | 37,566 (17.8%) | 13,480 (16.9%) | 8490 (20.1%) | 4983 (24.7%) | 6261 (31.6%) | 12,576 (25.6%) |
 55–64 years | 606,294 (28.4%) | 118,424 (28.1%) | 57,891 (27.5%) | 22,234 (27.8%) | 12,254 (29.0%) | 6170 (30.6%) | 6501 (32.8%) | 13,374 (27.2%) |
 65–74 years | 623,184 (29.2%) | 122,848 (29.1%) | 64,271 (30.5%) | 23,789 (29.8%) | 11,855 (28.1%) | 5252 (26.0%) | 4459 (22.5%) | 13,222 (26.9%) |
 75 + years | 477,083 (22.4%) | 97,227 (23.0%) | 50,927 (24.2%) | 20,373 (25.5%) | 9631 (22.8%) | 3764 (18.7%) | 2621 (13.2%) | 9911 (20.2%) |
Born in Sweden | 1,862,552 (87.4%) | 343,748 (81.6%) | 175,599 (83.4%) | 65,386 (81.9%) | 34,031 (80.7%) | 16,015 (79.5%) | 15,134 (76.4%) | 37,583 (76.6%) |
Education category | Â | |||||||
 Low | 751,922 (35.9%) | 176,826 (42.9%) | 87,269 (42.3%) | 35,461 (45.5%) | 18,982 (46.2%) | 8804 (45.0%) | 7772 (40.4%) | 18,538 (39.0%) |
 Mid | 833,045 (39.8%) | 168,052 (40.8%) | 84,216 (40.8%) | 31,074 (39.9%) | 16,334 (39.8%) | 7942 (40.6%) | 8488 (44.1%) | 19,998 (42.0%) |
 High | 510,647 (24.4%) | 66,930 (16.3%) | 35,003 (17.0%) | 11,322 (14.5%) | 5758 (14.0%) | 2797 (14.3%) | 2993 (15.5%) | 9057 (19.0%) |
Variables in the NDR only | Â | Â | ||||||
HbA1c (mmol/mol,  %) |  | 54.3 (14.9) 7.12 (1.36) n = 372,772 | 44.7 (5.0) 6.25 (0.46) n = 210,655 | 56.5 (2.6) 7.33 (0.24) n = 79,876 | 66.9 (2.8) 8.27 (0.26) n = 42,230 | 76.9 (2.8) 9.19 (0.26) n = 20,169 | 97.2 (12.6) 11.04 (1.16) n = 19,842 |  |
Diabetes duration (years) |  | 5.35 (7.08) n = 384,096 | 3.98 (5.72) n = 192,553 | 6.61 (7.25) n = 74,795 | 8.01 (7.91) n = 39,781 | 7.94 (8.05) n = 19,041 | 5.46 (7.31) n = 18,556 | 5.61 (9.29) n = 39,370 |
BMI (kg/m2) |  | 29.8 (5.4) n = 316,107 | 29.5 (5.2) n = 172,985 | 30.0 (5.4) n = 66,304 | 30.1 (5.4) n = 34,836 | 30.5 (5.7) n = 16,412 | 30.5 (5.9) n = 15,503 | 30.1 (5.7) n = 10,067 |
LDL (mmol/L, mg/dL) |  | 2.96 (0.97) 114.4 (37.3) n = 224,597 | 2.94 (0.94) 113.6 (36.5) n = 128,210 | 2.94 (0.96) 113.5 (37.2) n = 45,692 | 2.94 (0.98) 113.6 (37.7) n = 22,361 | 3.00 (1.00) 115.7 (38.5) n = 10,195 | 3.25 (1.09) 125.5 (42.0) n = 9864 | 3.09 (1.00) 119.2 (38.8) n = 8275 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |  | 140.0 (18.0) n = 359,010 | 139.0 (17.6) n = 196,021 | 141.2 (18.1) n = 74,411 | 141.7 (18.3) n = 38,960 | 141.9 (18.7) n = 18,305 | 140.5 (19.0) n = 17,111 | 139.1 (18.9) n = 14,202 |
Distolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) |  | 78.7 (9.8) n = 359,010 | 78.2 (9.6) n = 196,021 | 78.7 (9.8) n = 74,411 | 79.2 (9.9) n = 38,960 | 80.0 (10.0) n = 18,305 | 81.4 (10.4) n = 17,111 | 79.3 (10.6) n = 14,202 |
Smoker | ||||||||
 No |  | 279,514 (83.7%) | 153,404 (85.3%) | 58,293 (84.8%) | 30,196 (83.6%) | 13,833 (81.2%) | 12,477 (78.7%) | 11,311 (69.9%) |
 Yes |  | 54,265 (16.3%) | 26,412 (14.7%) | 10,477 (15.2%) | 5925 (16.4%) | 3196 (18.8%) | 3386 (21.3%) | 4869 (30.1%) |
eGFR (MDRD) (cat.) | ||||||||
 CKD stage 1 (eGFR ≥90) |  | 96,846 (32.2%) | 48,373 (29.2%) | 18,970 (31.3%) | 10,514 (34.9%) | 5758 (40.5%) | 7391 (51.2%) | 5840 (35.9%) |
 CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60–89) |  | 153,262 (50.9%) | 89,151 (53.9%) | 30,699 (50.7%) | 14,332 (47.5%) | 6132 (43.2%) | 5356 (37.1%) | 7592 (46.7%) |
 CKD stage 3 (eGFR 30–59) |  | 47,880 (15.9%) | 26,378 (15.9%) | 10,258 (16.9%) | 4954 (16.4%) | 2153 (15.2%) | 1579 (10.9%) | 2558 (15.7%) |
 CKD stage 4 (eGFR 15–29) |  | 2491 (0.8%) | 1208 (0.7%) | 537 (0.9%) | 293 (1.0%) | 142 (1.0%) | 102 (0.7%) | 209 (1.3%) |
 CKD stage 5 (eGFR < 15 or dialysis) |  | 508 (0.2%) | 277 (0.2%) | 66 (0.1%) | 54 (0.2%) | 18 (0.1%) | 19 (0.1%) | 74 (0.5%) |
eGFR (CKD-EPI) (cat.) | Â | Â | ||||||
 CKD stage 1 (eGFR ≥ 90) |  | 112,140 (37.3%) | 57,044 (34.5%) | 21,754 (35.9%) | 12,012 (39.8%) | 6583 (46.3%) | 8275 (57.3%) | 6472 (39.8%) |
 CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60–89) |  | 142,152 (47.2%) | 82,943 (50.2%) | 28,705 (47.4%) | 13,194 (43.8%) | 5529 (38.9%) | 4698 (32.5%) | 7083 (43.5%) |
 CKD stage 3 (eGFR 30–59) |  | 43,302 (14.4%) | 23,707 (14.3%) | 9374 (15.5%) | 4558 (15.1%) | 1910 (13.4%) | 1341 (9.3%) | 2412 (14.8%) |
 CKD stage 4 (eGFR 15–29) |  | 2850 (0.9%) | 1396 (0.8%) | 626 (1.0%) | 325 (1.1%) | 160 (1.1%) | 114 (0.8%) | 229 (1.4%) |
 CKD stage 5 (eGFR < 15 or dialysis) |  | 543 (0.2%) | 297 (0.2%) | 71 (0.1%) | 58 (0.2%) | 21 (0.1%) | 19 (0.1%) | 77 (0.5%) |
Registrations in the IPR prior to baseline | Â | Â | ||||||
 Coronary heart disease (I20–I25) | 137,684 (6.5%) | 59,008 (14.0%) | 29,142 (13.8%) | 12,099 (15.1%) | 6360 (15.1%) | 2895 (14.4%) | 2224 (11.2%) | 6288 (12.8%) |
 Heart failure (I50) | 36,679 (1.7%) | 16,996 (4.0%) | 7578 (3.6%) | 3512 (4.4%) | 2026 (4.8%) | 1041 (5.2%) | 848 (4.3%) | 1991 (4.1%) |
 Valve disease (I05–I09, I34–I36) | 23,120 (1.1%) | 6079 (1.4%) | 3279 (1.6%) | 1133 (1.4%) | 539 (1.3%) | 264 (1.3%) | 186 (0.9%) | 678 (1.4%) |
 Stroke (I61–I64) | 64,724 (3.0%) | 22,417 (5.3%) | 11,318 (5.4%) | 4317 (5.4%) | 2380 (5.6%) | 1007 (5.0%) | 802 (4.0%) | 2593 (5.3%) |
 Cancer (C00–C97) | 176,394 (8.3%) | 37,135 (8.8%) | 19,885 (9.4%) | 6944 (8.7%) | 3198 (7.6%) | 1421 (7.0%) | 1245 (6.3%) | 4442 (9.0%) |