Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants completing the study

Sex

 Female/male

9/47

Age (years)

 Mean (range)

60.7 (46–73)

Smoking (Y/N)

11/45

Blood pressure [mean ± SD]

 Systolic (mmHg)

132.0 ± 16.32

 Diastolic (mmHg)

80.0 ± 9.51

Physical examination [mean ± SD]

 Height (m)

1.72 ± 0.07

 Weight (kg)

96.18 ± 17.60

 BMI

32.70 ± 5.23

Baseline blood tests [mean ± SD]

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

71.60 ± 22.99

 Sodium (mmol/L)

139.28 ± 2.39

 Potassium (mmol/L)

4.48 ± 0.39

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

83.13 ± 20.66

 Urea (mmol/L)

6.20 ± 2.41

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

80.70 ± 13.24

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.79 ± 0.77

 LDL (mmol/L)

1.89 ± 0.49

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.08 ± 0.26

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

2.06 ± 2.01

 FT₄ (pmol/L)

15.10 ± 2.12

 TSH (mIU/L)

2.00 ± 1.12

History of macrovascular disease

32 (57%)

Microvascular complications

 Retinopathy

23 (41%)

 Nephropathy

9 (16%)

 Neuropathy

15 (27%)

Concomitant medication and therapies

 Diabetes related

  Metformin

48 (86%)

  Sulphonylurea

15 (27%)

  Gliptin

6 (11%)

  Glitazone

5 (9%)

  GLP-1 analogues

5 (9%)

  SGLT2-inhibitors

0 (0%)

  Insulin

27 (48%)

 Antihypertensives

  ACE inhibitor/ARB

48 (86%)

  Calcium channel blocker

13 (23%)

  Diuretic

16 (29%)

  Beta-blockers

26 (47%)

  Αlpha-blockers

5 (9%)

 Lipid-lowering

  Statin

52 (93%)

  Fibrate

1 (2%)

  Ezetimibe

7 (13%)