Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to peripheral vascular disease status in persons with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the National Diabetes Care Management Program, Taiwan (n = 30,932)
Variables | Peripheral vascular disease | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
No (N = 30,038) | Yes (N = 894) | ||
Socio-demographic factors | |||
 Male, n (%) | 14,008 (46.63) | 421 (47.09) | 0.81 |
 Age (years), mean (SD) | 60.99 (11.16) | 61.73 (10.87) | 0.05 |
Lifestyle behaviors, n (%) | |||
 Smoking | 4517 (15.04) | 143 (16.00) | 0.46 |
 Alcohol drinking | 2518 (8.38) | 67 (7.49) | 0.38 |
Diabetes-related variables | |||
 Duration of diabetes (years), mean (SD) | 6.80 (6.75) | 7.97 (7.41) | < 0.001 |
 Type of hypoglycemic drug use, n (%) | 0.006 | ||
  No medication | 365 (1.22) | 5 (0.56) |  |
  One oral hypoglycemic drug | 5134 (17.09) | 113 (12.64) |  |
  Two oral hypoglycemic drugs | 12,536 (41.73) | 353 (39.49) |  |
  Three oral hypoglycemic drugs | 5537 (18.43) | 175 (19.57) |  |
  > 3 oral hypoglycemic drugs | 1575 (5.24) | 59 (6.60) |  |
  Insulin | 885 (2.95) | 18 (2.01) |  |
  Insulin+ oral hypoglycemic drug | 4006 (13.34) | 171 (19.13) |  |
Drug-related variables, n (%) | |||
 Hypertension drug treatment | 11,671 (38.85) | 316 (35.35) | 0.04 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
 Obesity (BMI ≥ 27) | 10,927 (36.38) | 304 (34.00) | 0.16 |
 CAD | 2603 (8.67) | 99 (11.07) | 0.01 |
 Stroke | 1519 (5.06) | 52 (5.82) | 0.35 |
 CHF | 785 (2.61) | 19 (2.13) | 0.43 |
 Cancer | 630 (2.10) | 19 (2.13) | 1.00 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 7621 (25.37) | 220 (24.61) | 0.63 |
 Hypertension | 13,736 (45.73) | 397 (44.41) | 0.45 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 150 (0.50) | 3 (0.34) | 0.81 |
 Chronic hepatitis | 2900 (9.65) | 78 (8.72) | 0.38 |
 COPD | 1365 (4.54) | 42 (4.70) | 0.89 |
 Hypoglycemia | 118 (0.39) | 7 (0.78) | 0.10 |
 Albuminuria | 297 (0.99) | 6 (0.67) | 0.44 |
 Retinopathy | 583 (1.94) | 31 (3.47) | 0.002 |
Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
 SBP ≥ 130/DBP ≥85 (mmHg) | 20,730 (69.01) | 607 (67.90) | 0.50 |
 TG ≥ 150 (mg/dL) | 13,075 (43.53) | 397 (44.41) | 0.63 |
 HDL: female < 50; male < 40 (mg/dL) | 15,595 (51.92) | 448 (50.11) | 0.30 |
 LDL ≥ 100 (mg/dL) | 20,929 (69.68) | 618 (69.13) | 0.75 |
 eGFR < 60 (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 7967 (26.52) | 240 (26.85) | 0.86 |