Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients
Variables | All patients (n = 100) |
|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |
 Age, years | 60 ± 14 |
 Gender (female), n (%) | 45 (45) |
 DM duration, years | 10 (0.1–42) |
 Body weight, kg | 67 ± 16 |
 BSA, m2 | 1.70 ± 0.22 |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 129 ± 19 |
 Heart rate, bpm | 74 ± 10 |
 BUN, mg/dL | 15.6 ± 5.7 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.86 ± 0.43 |
 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73.4 ± 25.4 |
 HbA1c, % | 8.5 ± 1.9 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
 Hypertension | 58 (58) |
 Dyslipidemia | 63 (63) |
Anti-hypertensive drugs, n (%) | |
 Calcium channel blockers | 38 (38) |
 ACE inhibitor/ARB | 54 (54) |
 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 1 (1) |
Anti-diabetic drugs, n (%) | |
 DPP-4 inhibitor | 51 (51) |
 GLP-1 RA | 11 (11) |
 SU | 28 (28) |
 α-GI | 23 (23) |
 Thiazalidine | 8 (8) |
 Metformin | 57 (57) |
 SGLT2 inhibitor | 3 (3) |
Echocardiographic parameters | |
 LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 76.0 ± 22.0 |
 LV end-systolic volume, mL | 26.8 ± 10.7 |
 LVEF, % | 65.6 ± 4.9 |
 LVMI, g/m2 | 80.0 ± 19.0 |
 LAVI, mL/m2 | 30.1 ± 8.0 |
 e’, cm/s | 6.05 ± 1.67 |
 E/e’ | 10.5 ± 3.4 |
Trans-mitral flow | |
 E, cm/s | 59.4 ± 13.7 |
 DcT, msec | 207 ± 53 |
 E/A | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
Pulmonary venous flow | |
 S, cm/s | 65.4 ± 16.1 |
 D, cm/s | 41.3 ± 8.0 |
 S/D | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
 A, cm/s | 38.2 ± 20.0 |