Table 1 Incidence, clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis in Spain from 2001 to 2015 according to T2DM status
T2DM | 2001–2003 | 2004–2006 | 2007–2009 | 2010–2012 | 2013–2015 | Total | Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of endocarditis | Yes | 345 | 486 | 603 | 962 | 1040 | 3436 | < 0.001 |
No | 2019 | 2128 | 2304 | 3165 | 3574 | 13,190 | < 0.001 | |
Incidence per 100,000 per year* | Yes | 6.0 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 10.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 4.5 | < 0.001 | |
Age, mean (SD)* | Yes | 68.7 (9.8) | 69.2 (9.9) | 70.4 (9.9) | 71.6 (10.2) | 71.8 (10.3) | 70.8 (10.2) | < 0.001 |
No | 66.2 (12.1) | 66.0 (12.3) | 67.4 (12.5) | 69.0 (12.2) | 69.4 (12.4) | 67.9 (12.4) | < 0.001 | |
Female sex, n (%) | Yes | 130 (37.7) | 193 (39.7) | 233 (38.6) | 348 (36.2) | 336 (32.3) | 1240 (36.1) | 0.023 |
No | 667 (33.0) | 704 (33.1) | 786 (34.1) | 1037 (32.8) | 1131 (31.7) | 4325 (32.8) | 0.393 | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)* | Yes | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
No | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.8) | < 0.001 | |
Prosthetic valve carriers, n (%) | Yes | 27 (7.8) | 41 (8.4) | 57 (9.5) | 106 (11.0) | 102 (9.8) | 333 (9.7) | 0.375 |
No | 170 (8.4) | 191 (9.0) | 205 (8.9) | 294 (9.3) | 360 (10.1) | 1220 (9.3) | 0.280 | |
Previous mitral valve disease, n (%)* | Yes | 99 (28.7) | 122 (25.1) | 156 (25.9) | 271 (28.2) | 264 (25.4) | 912 (26.5) | 0.478 |
No | 540 (26.8) | 616 (29.0) | 681 (29.6) | 1034 (32.7) | 1100 (30.8) | 3971 (30.1) | < 0.001 | |
Previous aortic valve disease, n (%)* | Yes | 75 (21.7) | 114 (23.5) | 149 (24.7) | 251 (26.1) | 280 (26.9) | 869 (25.3) | 0.280 |
No | 511 (25.3) | 602 (28.3) | 673 (29.2) | 972 (30.7) | 1122 (31.4) | 3880 (29.4) | < 0.001 | |
Readmissions, n (%)* | Yes | 58 (16.8) | 91 (18.7) | 116 (19.2) | 199 (20.7) | 223 (21.4) | 687 (20.0) | 0.338 |
No | 300 (14.9) | 314 (14.8) | 354 (15.4) | 526 (16.6) | 597 (16.7) | 2091 (15.9) | 0.128 | |
Length of hospital stay, mean (SD) | Yes | 28.24 (20.9) | 28.9 (21.4) | 28.48 (20.4) | 27.69 (21.0) | 24.76 (18.9) | 27.17 (20.4) | < 0.001 |
No | 28.33 (22.6) | 27.87 (21.8) | 28.25 (22.4) | 27.18 (22.4) | 26.66 (21.4) | 27.51 (22.1) | 0.018 | |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | Yes | 87 (25.2) | 101 (20.8) | 135 (22.4) | 209 (21.7) | 182 (17.5) | 714 (20.8) | 0.015 |
No | 431 (21.4) | 397 (18.7) | 439 (19.1) | 638 (20.2) | 657 (18.4) | 2562 (19.4) | 0.053 | |
Costs, mean (SD)* | Yes | 9137.6 (5486) | 12,380.7 (8116.2) | 14,928.4 (8646.3) | 13,507.4 (11,465.3) | 13,744.5 (10,822.8) | 13,230.4 (10,000.7) | < 0.001 |
No | 10,171.7 (7450.2) | 12,746.6 (8463.6) | 16,366.4 (11,276.8) | 16,588.5 (17,974.3) | 14,759.3 (12,184.5) | 14,452.0 (12,845.6) | < 0.001 |