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Table 3 Relationship between hypoglycemia and mortality in beta blocker subgroups

From: Effect of beta blocker use and type on hypoglycemia risk among hospitalized insulin requiring patients

 

Non-recipients of beta blockers 

Carvedilol recipients 

Selective beta blocker recipients 

OR

95% CI 

p-value 

OR 

95% CI 

p-value 

OR 

95% CI 

p-value 

Odds ratio for mortality in patients with vs. those without hypoglycemia (< 3.9 mmol/L) within 24 h of admission

 Unadjusted model 

2.40

1.56–3.71 

< 0.001 

0.83 

0.25–2.81 

0.77 

1.60 

0.74–3.46 

0.23 

 Adjusted model 

2.10

1.15–3.86 

0.016 

0.79 

0.15–4.10 

0.78 

1.67 

0.54–5.16 

0.37 

Odds ratio for mortality in patients with vs. those without hypoglycemia (< 3.9 mmol/L) overall 

 Unadjusted model 

2.21

1.60–3.04 

< 0.0001 

1.18 

0.54–2.60 

0.68 

2.17 

1.08–4.37 

0.03 

 Adjusted model 

1.80

1.16–2.80 

0.009 

1.55 

0.49–4.95 

0.46 

4.89 

1.76–13.56 

0.002 

Odds ratio for mortality in patients with vs. those without hypoglycemia (< 2.2 mmol/L) overall 

 Unadjusted model 

4.63

2.52–8.52 

< 0.0001

1.76

0.40–7.67 

0.45

6.42

2.73–15.1

< 0.0001

 Adjusted model 

3.74

1.48–9.46 

0.005 

1.94 

0.36–10.3 

0.44

10.6

3.27–34.3

< 0.0001

  1. Adjusted model includes age, gender, race, body mass index*, surgery service, admission glucose*, admission creatinine*, hospital length of stay*, basal insulin, heart failure, cardiovascular service, statin, aspirin, ACE/ARB and hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL within 24 h, < 70 during entire hospitalization, or < 40 mg/dL during entire hospitalization. * log transformed values