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Table 2 Relationship between beta blocker use and hypoglycemia

From: Effect of beta blocker use and type on hypoglycemia risk among hospitalized insulin requiring patients

 

Overall 

No basal insulin 

Basal insulin 

OR 

95% CI 

p-value 

p-value interaction^

OR 

95% CI 

p-value 

OR 

95% CI 

p-value 

Odds ratio for glucose < 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) within 24 h 

 Unadjusted model

  Carvedilol vs. none

3.01

2.48–3.71

< 0.0001

–

2.56

1.95–3.37

< 0.0001

0.91

0.65–1.27

0.58

  SBB vs. none

4.02

3.30–4.89

< 0.0001

4.96

3.89–6.33

< 0.0001

0.62

0.44–0.88

0.008

  SBB vs carvedilol

1.32 

1.03–1.70 

0.03

1.94 

1.39–2.70 

0.0001

0.68 

0.46–1.02 

0.06 

 Adjusted model

  Carvedilol vs. none 

1.45 

1.05–2.01 

0.0245

< 0.0001

2.15 

1.38–3.37 

0.0007

1.18 

0.74–1.90 

0.49

  SBB vs. none 

1.78 

1.31–2.40 

0.0002

4.29

2.96–6.20 

< 0.0001

0.82

0.51–1.32 

0.42

  SBB vs. carvedilol

1.22 

0.87–1.72 

0.25

1.99

1.28–3.09 

0.0023

0.70 

0.41–1.18 

0.18

Odds ratio for glucose < 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) overall 

 Unadjusted model 

  Carvedilol vs. none 

4.72 

4.10–5.42 

< 0.0001

–

3.39 

2.82–4.09 

< 0.0001

1.05 

0.72–1.51 

0.81

  SBB vs. none 

7.49 

6.48–8.66 

< 0.0001

6.30

5.25–7.56 

< 0.0001

0.91

0.64–1.29 

0.58

  SBB vs. carvedilol 

1.59 

1.32–1.90 

< 0.0001

1.86

1.46–2.35 

< 0.0001

0.87

0.58–1.30 

0.48

 Adjusted model 

  Carvedilol vs. none 

2.56 

1.94–3.37 

< 0.0001

<0.0001

6.30 

4.59–8.65 

< 0.0001

1.03 

0.65–1.63 

0.91

  SBB vs. none 

2.61 

2.05–3.33 

< 0.0001

8.69

6.57–11.5 

< 0.0001

0.86

0.56–1.31 

0.48

  SBB vs. carvedilol 

1.02 

0.77–1.35 

0.89

1.38

1.02–1.86 

0.03

0.84

0.52–1.36 

0.47

Odds ratio for glucose < 2.2 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) overall 

 Unadjusted model 

  Carvedilol vs. none 

3.69 

2.62–5.18 

< 0.0001

–

2.63 

1.50–4.60 

0.0007 

1.04 

0.65–1.64 

0.88

  SBB vs. none 

3.90 

2.74–5.54 

< 0.0001

6.12 

3.91–9.58 

< 0.0001

0.45

0.25–0.80 

0.007

  SBB vs. carvedilol 

1.06 

0.69–1.61 

0.80 

2.33 

1.23–4.43 

0.0098

0.43

0.23–0.81 

0.009

 Adjusted model 

  Carvedilol vs. none 

1.68 

1.03–2.74 

0.04 

< 0.0001

3.21 

1.49–6.91 

0.0029 

1.11 

0.58–2.10 

0.76

  SBB vs. none

1.70 

1.06–2.75 

0.03

6.11 

3.37–11.1 

< 0.0001

0.56

0.26–1.20 

0.13

  SBB vs. carvedilol

1.10 

0.59–1.75 

0.97

1.90 

0.90–4.02 

0.09

0.50

0.22–1.14 

0.10

  1. All adjusted models adjusted for age, gender, race, body mass index*, surgery service, admission glucose*, admission creatinine*, basal insulin use, heart failure, hospital length of stay, cardiovascular service, statin, aspirin, ACE/ARB, ^basal insulin by BB type interaction. * log transformed values
  2. BB beta blocker, SBB selective beta blocker
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840