GLP-1 analog liraglutide-induced cardiac dysfunction due to energetic starvation in heart failure with non-diabetic dilated cardiomyopathy

Table 2 Biometric and hemodynamic parameters of high-dose liraglutide groups with/without 10% glucose intake

	High-dose liraglutide treatment (J2N-k)	High-dose liraglutide treatment with 10% glucose intake (J2N-k)
	(n = 13)	(n = 12), (n = 5 for LV pressure)
Biometry
Body weight, g	107 ± 2.8	120.2 ± 2.8^†
Heart, g	0.72 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.03*
Heart/BW, mg/g	6.7 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.2^†
Lung, g	0.85 ± 0.09	0.71 ± 0.03
Lung/BW, mg/g	7.9 ± 0.9	5.9 ± 0.2^†
Echocardiography
HR, beats/min	376 ± 19	399 ± 8
LVEDD, mm	7.4 ± 0.1	7.1 ± 0.1
LVESD, mm	6.3 ± 0.2	5.7 ± 0.1^†
LV ejection, %	0.35 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.02^†
LV FS, %	0.15 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01*
LV AW, mm	0.67 ± 0.01	0.79 ± 0.03^†
LV PW, mm	0.79 ± 0.02	0.87 ± 0.05^†
Intracardiac pressure
Positive dP/dt, mmHg/s	2501 ± 290	4699 ± 981*
Negative dP/dt, mmHg/s	− 1700 ± 171	− 2128 ± 357
EDP, mmHg	13.8 ± 2.8	12.8 ± 2.36
Max pressure, mmHg	66.1 ± 5.5	76.2 ± 6.31
Min pressure, mmHg	9.4 ± 2.0	7.3 ± 0.87

ISSN: 1475-2840