Skip to main content

Table 3 Association [HR (95% CI)] between baseline levels of lysine, 2-aminoadipic acid and pipecolic acid with cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes

From: Lysine pathway metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED study: results from two case-cohort studies

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

p linear trend

1 SD increase

Baseline lysine

 Outcome: T2D

  Basic modela

Ref.

1.10 (0.70–1.71)

1.47 (0.95–2.28)

1.24 (0.80–1.92)

0.189

1.11 (0.96–1.29)

  MV adjusted modelb

Ref.

1.19 (0.67–2.11)

1.56 (0.88–2.75)

1.66 (0.96–2.86)

0.038

1.26 (1.06–1.51)

  MV adjusted for 2-AAA and pipec.

Ref.

1.17 (0.67–2.07)

1.52 (0.85–2.70)

1.50 (0.87–2.60)

0.113

1.20 (0.99–1.44)

 Outcome: CVD

  Basic modela

Ref.

0.86 (0.55–1.34)

0.96 (0.61–1.51)

0.94 (0.60–1.47)

0.897

0.99 (0.81–1.20)

  MV adjusted modelc

Ref.

0.80 (0.48–1.29)

1.01 (0.62–1.65)

0.84 (0.51–1.38)

0.718

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

  MV adjusted for 2-AAA and pipec.

Ref.

0.78 (0.49–1.35)

0.99 (0.61–1.60)

0.82 (0.49–1.35)

0.636

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

Baseline 2-AAA

 Outcome: T2D

  Basic modela

Ref.

0.95 (0.59–1.54)

1.40 (0.89–2.21)

1.92 (1.23–1.54)

0.001

1.29 (1.10–1.52)

  MV adjusted modelb

Ref.

1.28 (0.66–2.50)

1.51 (0.82–2.77)

1.94 (1.03–3.63)

0.026

1.28 (1.05–1.55)

  MV adjusted for lysine and pipec.

Ref.

1.32 (0.68–2.59)

1.43 (0.77–2.63)

1.81 (0.97–3.37)

0.050

1.21 (0.99–1.47)

 Outcome: CVD

  Basic modela

Ref.

1.11 (0.70–1.74)

0.94 (0.59–1.51)

1.21 (0.76–1.90)

0.532

1.06 (0.90–1.23)

  MV adjusted modelc

Ref.

1.18 (0.73–1.91)

0.84 (0.51–1.40)

1.13 (0.69–1.83)

0.894

1.00 (0.85–1.18)

  MV adjusted for lysine and pipec.

Ref.

1.20 (0.74–1.95)

0.86 (0.51–1.43)

1.19 (0.71–1.99)

0.766

1.01 (0.85–1.20)

Baseline pipecolic acid

 Outcome: T2D

  Basic modela

Ref.

1.32 (0.86–2.02)

1.13 (0.72–1.78)

1.46 (0.93–2.31)

0.171

1.13 (0.96–1.32)

  MV adjusted modelb

Ref.

1.24 (0.72–2.14)

0.97 (0.55–1.71)

1.37 (0.78–2.41)

0.411

1.13 (0.92–1.13)

  MV adjusted for lysine and 2-AAA

Ref.

1.07 (0.62–1.87)

0.86 (0.49–1.51)

1.32 (0.74–2.36)

0.506

1.08 (0.88–1.32)

 Outcome: CVD

  Basic modela

Ref.

0.69 (0.44–1.09)

0.77 (0.49–1.21)

0.93 (0.61–1.42)

0.948

1.03 (0.88–1.20)

  MV adjusted modelc

Ref.

0.71 (0.45–1.11)

0.68 (0.42–1.11)

0.84 (0.55–1.38)

0.610

0.99 (0.83–1.18)

  MV adjusted for lysine and 2-AAA

Ref.

0.70 (0.43–1.14)

0.70 (0.43–1.14)

0.88 (0.55–1.41)

0.669

0.99 (0.82–1.20)

  1. CVD cardiovascular disease, T2D type 2 diabetes, MV mutivariable
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex and intervention
  3. bBasic model additionally adjusted for BMI, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension and baseline plasma glucose
  4. cBasic model additionally adjusted for BMI, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, T2D, family history of CVD
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840