The oral glucose tolerance test-derived incremental glucose peak is associated with greater arterial stiffness and maladaptive arterial remodeling: The Maastricht Study

Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted associations of incremental glucose peak (IGP) and microvascular function

Model	B (95% CI)	P value
Retinal arteriolar baseline diameter, MU (n = 1591)
Crude	− 0.035 (− 0.295; 0.225)	0.792
Model 2	0.068 (− 0.204; 0.339)	0.626
Model 3	− 0.145 (− 0.503; 0.213)	0.428
Model 4	− 0.092 (− 0.451; 0.267)	0.614
Model 5	− 0.157 (− 0.528; 0.214)	0.406
Retinal arteriolar average dilatation, % (n = 1591)
Crude	− 0.088 (− 0.134; − 0.043)	< 0.001
Model 2	− 0.073 (− 0.121; − 0.026)	0.002
Model 3	− 0.038 (− 0.101; 0.024)	0.229
Model 4	− 0.042 (− 0.105; 0.020)	0.184
Model 5	− 0.022 (− 0.087; 0.043)	0.506
Skin baseline blood flow, PU (n = 1134)
Crude	0.016 (− 0.110; 0.142)	0.799
Model 2	− 0.024 (− 0.155; 0.107)	0.722
Model 3	0.025 (− 0.149; 0.198)	0.780
Model 4	0.049 (− 0.126; 0.224)	0.581
Model 5	0.065 (− 0.117; 0.246)	0.485
Heat-induced skin hyperemia, % (n = 1134)
Crude	− 28.109 (− 42.778; − 13.440)	< 0.001
Model 2	− 12.503 (-27.509; 2.504)	0.102
Model 3	− 3.311 (− 23.208; 16.586)	0.744
Model 4	− 5.332 (− 25.420; 14.756)	0.603
Model 5	− 1.380 (− 22.273; 19.513)	0.897

Regression coefficients (B) indicate the mean difference (95% confidence interval) associated with 1 unit (mmol/L) increase of IGP. Model 1: crude. Model 2: additionally adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: additionally adjusted for HbA_1c. Model 4: additionally adjusted for office systolic blood pressure. Model 5: additionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, Mediterranean diet score, use of antihypertensive and lipid-modifying drugs, fasting triglycerides, and total-to-HDL cholesterol levels

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