Table 3 Adjusted* β-coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the associations between fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI), the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and 2-h postload glucose (2HG) and insulin (2HI) with arterial stiffness index (ASI), left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSI), heart rate (HR), left ventricular cardiac output index (LVCI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
Parameter | Fasting glucose β-coefficient (95% CI), p-value (n = 1001) | Fasting insulin β-coefficient (95% CI), p-value (n = 1001) | HOMA-IR β-coefficient (95% CI), p-value (n = 999) | 2-h glucose β-coefficient (95% CI), p-value (n = 1001) | 2-h insulin β-coefficient (95% CI), p-value (n = 984) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arterial stiffness index (mmHg*m2.7/ml) | 0.12 (0.06 to 0.17), p < 0.001 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01), p = 0.011 | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.05), p = 0.002 | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.04), p = 0.005 | 0.00 (− 0.00 to − 0.00), p = 0.870 |
Left ventricular stroke volume index (ml/m2.7) | − 0.71 (− 1.11 to − 0.31), p = 0.001 | − 0.07 (− 0.11 to − 0.03), p < 0.001 | − 0.25 (− 0.38 to − 0.11), p < 0.001 | − 0.18 (− 0.30 to − 0.05), p = 0.006 | − 0.84a (− 1.17 to − 0.50), p < 0.001 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 2.13 (0.91 to 3.34), p = 0.001 | 4.92a (3.34 to 6.51), p < 0.001 | 4.49a (3.06 to 5.93), p < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.34 to 1.05), p < 0.001 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05), p < 0.001 |
Left ventricular cardiac output index (l/min*m2.7) | − 0.02 (− 0.05 to − 0.01), p = 0.305 | 0.00 (− 0.00 to 0.00), p = 0.690 | 0.00 (− 0.01 to 0.01), p = 0.875 | − 0.00 (− 0.01 to 0.01), p = 0.681 | − 0.00 (− 0.00 to 0.00), p = 0.423 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 0.01 (− 0.66 to 0.67), p = 0.982 | 0.06 (− 0.00 to 1.13), p = 0.061 | 0.20 (− 0.03 to 0.43), p = 0.088 | 0.10 (− 0.11 to 0.30), p = 0.350 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02), p = 0.003 |