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Table 3 Statistical analysis of delta changes of fatty acids, amino acids and activin/follistatins in liraglutide- and placebo-treated individuals

From: Short-term treatment with high dose liraglutide improves lipid and lipoprotein profile and changes hormonal mediators of lipid metabolism in obese patients with no overt type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind clinical trial

Fatty acids

Placebo

Liraglutide

P1

P2

P3

P4

Visit 1

Visit 6

Delta changes

Visit 1

Visit 6

Delta changes

TotFA

9.04 ± 2.01

9.47 ± 2.1

0.44 ± 0.25

8.65 ± 1.94

8.5 ± 1.9

− 0.16 ± 0.2

0.07

0.07

  

UnSat (× 102)

110 ± 24.6

112 ± 25

1.73 ± 0.84

110 ± 24.7

112 ± 25

1.22 ± 0.91

0.64

0.74

  

DHA (× 102)

8.7 ± 1.93

10 ± 2.21

1.75 ± 0.85

9.07 ± 2.03

8.77 ± 1.96

− 0.3 ± 0.46

0.04

0.09

  

LA

2.5 ± 0.55

2.65 ± 0.59

0.15 ± 0.06

2.39 ± 0.54

2.38 ± 0.53

− 0.02 ± 0.08

0.07

0.1

  

FAw3

0.28 ± 0.06

0.31 ± 0.07

0.04 ± 0.01

0.27 ± 0.06

0.27 ± 0.06

0.002 ± 0.02

0.04

0.11

  

FAw6

3.02 ± 0.67

3.18 ± 0.71

0.16 ± 0.07

2.92 ± 0.65

2.87 ± 0.64

− 0.05 ± 0.08

0.03

0.04

  

PUFA

3.3 ± 0.73

3.5 ± 0.78

0.2 ± 0.08

3.19 ± 0.71

3.14 ± 0.7

− 0.05 ± 0.1

0.03

0.05

  

MUFA

2.27 ± 0.51

2.36 ± 0.52

0.09 ± 0.08

2.21 ± 0.49

2.17 ± 0.49

− 0.04 ± 0.06

0.23

0.15

  

SFA

3.41 ± 0.76

3.53 ± 0.78

0.12 ± 0.1

3.25 ± 0.73

3.18 ± 0.71

− 0.07 ± 0.06

0.12

0.1

  

C22:0

0.15 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.01

− 0.01 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02

0.03

  

Amino acids

          

 Tyrosine (× 102)

6.15 ± 1.38

6.46 ± 1.44

0.31 ± 0.26

6.48 ± 1.45

5.77 ± 1.29

− 0.71 ± 0.25

0.03

0.001

  

ELISAs

          

 Follistatin

3.43 ± 0.26

3.62 ± 0.25

0.01 ± 0.16

3.51 ± 0.32

2.7 ± 0.26

− 0.95 ± 0.24

0.007

0.004

0.02

0.81

 FSTL3

12.5 ± 0.65

12.1 ± 0.48

− 1.03 ± 0.52

12.5 ± 0.68

12 ± 0.77

− 0.52 ± 0.6

0.52

0.31

0.67

0.88

 Activin A

0.43 ± 0.02

0.37 ± 0.03

− 0.08 ± 0.02

0.43 ± 0.03

0.3 ± 0.02

− 0.12 ± 0.02

0.13

0.85

0.17

0.9

 Activin B

96.6 ± 8.71

101 ± 8.5

4.51 ± 4.59

99.2 ± 10.2

109 ± 10.7

4.66 ± 3.27

0.98

0.95

0.72

0.65

 Activin AB

3.26 ± 0.38

3.76 ± 0.41

0.52 ± 0.2

3.57 ± 0.46

2.94 ± 0.42

− 0.63 ± 0.29

0.04

0.004

0.03

0.1

 Activin A/FST

0.14 ± 0.01

0.11 ± 0.01

− 0.03 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.01

− 0.01 ± 0.01

0.26

0.03

0.33

0.52

 Activin B/FST

31.6 ± 3.57

30.8 ± 3.33

− 1.01 ± 2.03

30.5 ± 2.79

41.8 ± 4.31

10.3 ± 2.45

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.09

 ActivinAB/FST

1.21 ± 0.2

1.18 ± 0.15

− 0.03 ± 0.09

1.16 ± 0.17

1.24 ± 0.21

0.08 ± 0.13

0.43

0.54

0.46

0.13

  1. Values are given in mmol/L. P1—Delta statistics unadjusted. P2—Delta changes adjusted for changes in weight. P3—Delta changes adjusted for changes in glucose. P4—Delta changes adjusted for the change in HOMA-IR index. Values are reported as mean ± SE. On treatment analysis was performed for all variables. The level of significance was set to p-value < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction. Baseline samples collected at visit 1, post treatment samples were collected at visit 6 (5 weeks of treatment total)
  2. TotFA total fatty acids, UnSat unsaturated fatty acids, DHA 22:6, docosahexaenoic acid, LA 18:2, linoleic acid, FAw3 omega-3 fatty acids, FAw6 omega-6 fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, SFA saturated fatty acids, C22:0 behenic acid