Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects according to the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels
|  | LDL-C1 < 70 mg/dL | LDL-C2 70–99 | LDL-C3 100–129 | LDL-C4 130–159 | LDL-C5 ≥ 160 mg/dL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 224,131 | 522,912 | 630,875 | 409,247 | 218,035 |
Baseline LDL-C (mg/dL) | 55.1 ± 11.9 | 85.9 ± 8.5 | 114.2 ± 8.6 | 142.7 ± 8.5 | 182.1 ± 21.3 |
Age (years) | 59.1 ± 10.3 | 58.9 ± 10.5 | 58.3 ± 10.6 | 57.9 ± 10.6 | 57.8 ± 10.4 |
Sex (male) | 149,064 (66.5) | 323,164 (61.8) | 378,583 (60.0) | 224,922 (55.0) | 100,376 (46.0) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.3 | 24.9 ± 3.3 | 25.0 ± 3.3 | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 25.3 ± 3.2 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.7 ± 15.6 | 128.5 ± 15.5 | 128.9 ± 15.6 | 129.4 ± 15.7 | 130.1 ± 16.1 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.5 ± 10.1 | 78.5 ± 10.1 | 79.0 ± 10.0 | 79.5 ± 10.1 | 80.0 ± 10.2 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 139.1 ± 42.5 | 140.1 ± 41.6 | 143.5 ± 41.9 | 146.9 ± 43.1 | 151.5 ± 46.4 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.9 ± 36.2 | 85.6 ± 35.5 | 85.5 ± 34.5 | 85.1 ± 34.3 | 84.3 ± 33.8 |
Baseline TC (mg/dL) | 142.1 ± 22.5 | 168.4 ± 20.1 | 196.2 ± 19.1 | 225.3 ± 18.7 | 266.8 ± 27.9 |
Baseline HDL-C (mg/dL) | 51.7 ± 15.7 | 51.3 ± 13.6 | 51.4 ± 12.8 | 51.8 ± 12.4 | 53.0 ± 12.4 |
Baseline TG (mg/dL) | 150.5 (150.1–150.8) | 136.7 (136.5–136.9) | 136.9 (136.7–137.0) | 140.0 (139.8–140.2) | 146.1 (145.8–146.4) |
Current smoker | 64,610 (28.8) | 132,128 (25.3) | 154,612 (24.5) | 95,907 (23.4) | 46,259 (21.2) |
Alcohol drinking | 27,933 (12.5) | 48,397 (9.3) | 51,235 (8.1) | 28,894 (7.1) | 12,738 (5.8) |
Regular exercise | 109,775 (49.0) | 256,835 (49.1) | 307,824 (48.8) | 195,661 (47.8) | 98,948 (45.4) |
Income (lower 25%) | 51,468 (23.0) | 117,938 (22.6) | 142,292 (22.6) | 92,628(22.6) | 50,908(23.4) |
Hypertension | 145,727 (65.0) | 311,176 (59.5) | 346,790 (55.0) | 215,537(52.7) | 113,059(51.9) |
On statin treatment | 123,580(55.1) | 199,393 (38.1) | 144,862 (23.0) | 95,709(23.4) | 81,496(37.4) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 9.2 ± 5.5 | 8.6 ± 5.7 | 7.7 ± 5.8 | 7.1 ± 5.7 | 6.5 ± 5.4 |
Use of aspirin | 117,987 (52.6) | 245,124 (46.9) | 254,625 (40.4) | 149,627(36.6) | 75,142(34.5) |