Phenotyping diabetic cardiomyopathy in Europeans and South Asians

Table 3 Cardiovascular parameters in South Asians

	T2D (n = 33)	Controls (n = 21)
LV diastolic function
E, mL/s	339 ± 109	333 ± 67
A, mL/s	302 ± 64*	242 ± 54
E/A ratio	1.15 ± 0.37*	1.42 ± 0.36
E dec peak, mL/s² ×10⁻³	− 2.9 ± 1.2	− 3.2 ± 0.7
Ea, cm/s	5.9 ± 2.0	6.8 ± 1.9
Estimate of LV filling pressure, mmHg	6.9 ± 3.0*	5.0 ± 1.6
Estimate of LV compliance, mL/mmHg	20.5 ± 9.0	24.0 ± 7.7
GLSR-E, 1/s	0.88 ± 0.22	0.98 ± 0.16
GCSR-E, 1/s	1.32 ± 0.34	1.31 ± 0.24
LV systolic function
Ejection fraction, %	58 ± 6	60 ± 5
GLS, %	− 20.4 ± 2.8	− 21.7 ± 1.7
GCS, %	− 27.6 ± 4.3	− 27.6 ± 3.4
Hemodynamics
Stroke volume, mL	70 ± 14	66 ± 12
Cardiac output, L/min	4.8 ± 1.0*	4.0 ± 0.7
Cardiac index, L/min/m²	2.5 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.3
Aortic stiffness
Aortic pulse wave velocity, m/s	7.9 ± 2.0*	6.5 ± 1.1
LV structure
End-diastolic volume, mL	123 ± 25	110 ± 19
Mass, g	93 ± 20*	66 ± 15
Concentricity, g/mL	0.77 ± 0.14*	0.60 ± 0.10
Myocardial tissue characteristics
Myocardial Tg content, %	0.93 ± 0.54	0.84 ± 0.43
Native T1, ms	1255 ± 37	1263 ± 42
Extracellular volume fraction, %	26.2 ± 3.0*	28.2 ± 2.6
Extracellular volume, mL	23 ± 5*	18 ± 4
Cell volume, mL	66 ± 16*	45 ± 11

Mean ± SD. * P < 0.05 vs. controls. Missing values in the T2D group: n = 1 native T1 and extracellular volume, cell volume, fibrosis volume; in the control group: n = 1 for myocardial Tg content. For abbreviations see Table 2

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