Phenotyping diabetic cardiomyopathy in Europeans and South Asians

Table 2 Cardiovascular parameters in Europeans

	T2D (n = 48)	Controls (n = 29)
LV diastolic function
E, mL/s	326 ± 97	352 ± 55
A, mL/s	366 ± 71*	301 ± 75
E/A ratio	0.93 ± 0.38*	1.24 ± 0.36
E dec peak, mL/s² ×10⁻³	− 2.7 ± 1.0*	− 3.2 ± 0.7
Ea, cm/s	5.9 ± 1.7*	7.7 ± 1.9
Estimate of LV filling pressure, mmHg	7.6 ± 2.6*	5.1 ± 1.7
Estimate of LV compliance, mL/mmHg	21.3 ± 9.4*	33.4 ± 11.2
GLSR-E, 1/s	0.78 ± 0.23	0.87 ± 0.28
GCSR-E, 1/s	1.15 ± 0.37	1.22 ± 0.37
LV systolic function
Ejection fraction, %	55 ± 5	56 ± 6
GLS, %	− 19.3 ± 2.7*	− 21.1 ± 3.3
GCS, %	− 26.1 ± 4.5	− 26.5 ± 3.9
Hemodynamics
Stroke volume, mL	78 ± 17*	88 ± 17
Cardiac output, L/min	5.4 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 1.1
Cardiac index, L/min/m²	2.5 ± 0.4*	2.7 ± 0.5
Aortic stiffness
Aortic pulse wave velocity, m/s	8.5 ± 2.2*	7.5 ± 1.5
LV structure
End-diastolic volume, mL	142 ± 29*	156 ± 26
Mass, g	107 ± 23	96 ± 24
Concentricity, g/mL	0.76 ± 0.12*	0.61 ± 0.09
Myocardial tissue characteristics
Myocardial Tg content, %	1.19 ± 0.53*	0.58 ± 0.18
Native T1, ms	1197 ± 44*	1230 ± 28
Extracellular volume fraction, %	26.3 ± 2.5	26.9 ± 2.7
Extracellular volume, mL	27 ± 6	24 ± 5
Cell volume, mL	75 ± 18	67 ± 18

Mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 vs. controls. Missing values in the T2D group: n = 1 for all flow-derived LV diastolic function parameters, n = 3 E dec peak, n = 1 GLSR-E, n = 1 aortic pulse wave velocity, n = 1 myocardial Tg content, n = 4 native T1, n = 5 extracellular volume, cell volume, fibrosis volume; in the control group: n = 1 for all flow-derived LV diastolic function parameters
Ea early peak diastolic mitral septal tissue velocity, E and A transmitral early and late peak filling rate, E dec peak peak deceleration slope of E, GLS and GLSR-E global longitudinal strain and early peak diastolic strain rate, GCS and GCSR-E global circumferential strain and early peak diastolic strain rate, LV left ventricular, Tg triglyceride

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