Variables
|
Total
n = 5433
|
NGR
n = 1039
|
Pre-DM
n = 2788
|
DM
n = 1606
|
p-value for trend
|
---|
Clinical characteristics
|
Age, years
|
57.97 ± 10.35
|
54.45 ± 10.54
|
58.64 ± 10.09
|
59.09 ± 10.19
|
< 0.001
|
Male,
|
3954 (72.8)
|
807 (77.7)
|
2009 (72.2)
|
11,139 (70.9)
|
< 0.001
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
25.83 ± 3.17
|
25.31 ± 2.99
|
25.76 ± 3.12
|
26.30 ± 3.14
|
< 0.001
|
Overweight
|
3291 (60.5)
|
581 (55.9)
|
1663 (59.6)
|
1047 (65.2)
|
< 0.001
|
Obese
|
505 (9.3)
|
72 (6.9)
|
249 (8.9)
|
184 (11.5)
|
< 0.001
|
Hypertension
|
3451 (63.5)
|
598 (57.6)
|
1676 (60.1)
|
1177 (73.3)
|
< 0.001
|
Family history of CAD
|
787 (14.5)
|
172 (16.6)
|
379 (13.6)
|
236 (14.7)
|
0.066
|
Current Smoker
|
2436 (55.2)
|
580 (55.8)
|
1559 (52.0)
|
858 (53.4)
|
0.248
|
Drinking
|
1627 (30.1)
|
360 (34.8)
|
798 (28.7)
|
469 (29.3)
|
0.001
|
Laboratory findings
|
Glucose (mmol/L)
|
5.71 ± 1.69
|
4.72 ± 0.42
|
5.21 ± 0.73
|
7.23 ± 2.28
|
< 0.001
|
HbA1c (%)
|
6.37 ± 1.11
|
5.39 ± 0.24
|
6.09 ± 0.41
|
7.51 ± 1.32
|
< 0.001
|
Creatinine (μmol)
|
76.50 ± 18.31
|
76.40 ± 15.52
|
75.96 ± 17.41
|
77.50 ± 21.24
|
0.077
|
TC (mmol/L)
|
4.13 ± 1.16
|
4.01 ± 1.13
|
4.19 ± 1.18
|
4.11 ± 1.15
|
0.139
|
HDL-C (mmol/L)
|
1.05 ± 0.28
|
1.05 ± 0.29
|
1.06 ± 0.28
|
1.02 ± 0.27
|
0.001
|
LDL-C (mmol/L)
|
2.52 ± 1.02
|
2.45 ± 1.06
|
2.57 ± 1.02
|
2.48 ± 1.00
|
0.907
|
TG (mmol/L)
|
1.52 (1.12–2.09)
|
1.44 (1.05–1.99)
|
1.49 (1.11–2.03)
|
1.60 (1.20–2.25)
|
< 0.001
|
FFAs (mmol/L)
|
0.40 (0.30–0.53)
|
0.40 (0.30–0.48)
|
0.40 (0.29–0.49)
|
0.46 (0.35–0.57)
|
< 0.001
|
LVEF (%)
|
63.37 ± 8.36
|
63.90 ± 7.76
|
63.24 ± 8.54
|
63.26 ± 8.39
|
0.093
|
Gensini score
|
24 (8–48)
|
20 (8–39)
|
22 (8–44)
|
28 (12–56)
|
< 0.001
|
Medications
|
Baseline statins
|
4294 (79.0)
|
805 (77.5)
|
2788 (79.9)
|
1606 (78.6)
|
0.233
|
Follow-up statins
|
5331 (98.1)
|
1011 (97.3)
|
2744 (98.4)
|
1606 (98.1)
|
0.077
|
Baseline aspirin
|
2873 (52.9)
|
523 (50.3)
|
1488 (53.4)
|
862 (53.7)
|
0.123
|
Follow-up aspirin
|
5435 (98.4)
|
1039 (98.1)
|
2788 (98.4)
|
1606 (98.6)
|
0.618
|
Baseline ACEIs/ARBs
|
1540 (28.3)
|
295 (28.4)
|
778 (27.9)
|
467 (29.1)
|
0.623
|
Follow-up ACEIs/ARBs
|
4661 (85.8)
|
886 (85.3)
|
2392 (85.8)
|
1383 (86.1)
|
0.552
|
Baseline β-blockers
|
2873 (52.9)
|
523 (50.3)
|
1488 (53.4)
|
862 (53.7)
|
0.123
|
Follow-up β-Blockers
|
4386 (80.7)
|
829 (79.8)
|
2253 (80.8)
|
1304 (81.2)
|
0.389
|
Baseline antidiabetes drugs
|
OADs
|
937 (17.2)
|
–
|
–
|
937 (58.3)
| |
Insulin
|
571 (10.5)
|
–
|
–
|
571 (35.6)
| |
- Data were expressed as mean ± SD, median with 25th and 75th percentile or n (%)
- p for trend for the continuous and categorical variables was examined by a generalized linear model and the Chi square test
- NGR normal glucose regulation, Pre-DM pre-diabetes mellitus, DM diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, HbA1c haemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFAs free fatty acids, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, CAD coronary artery disease, ACEIs ACE inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, OADs oral antidiabetes drugs