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Table 1 Baseline characters of participants according to glucose metabolism status
| Variables | Total n = 5433 | NGR n = 1039 | Pre-DM n = 2788 | DM n = 1606 | p-value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 57.97 ± 10.35 | 54.45 ± 10.54 | 58.64 ± 10.09 | 59.09 ± 10.19 | < 0.001 |
| Male, | 3954 (72.8) | 807 (77.7) | 2009 (72.2) | 11,139 (70.9) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.83 ± 3.17 | 25.31 ± 2.99 | 25.76 ± 3.12 | 26.30 ± 3.14 | < 0.001 |
| Overweight | 3291 (60.5) | 581 (55.9) | 1663 (59.6) | 1047 (65.2) | < 0.001 |
| Obese | 505 (9.3) | 72 (6.9) | 249 (8.9) | 184 (11.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3451 (63.5) | 598 (57.6) | 1676 (60.1) | 1177 (73.3) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of CAD | 787 (14.5) | 172 (16.6) | 379 (13.6) | 236 (14.7) | 0.066 |
| Current Smoker | 2436 (55.2) | 580 (55.8) | 1559 (52.0) | 858 (53.4) | 0.248 |
| Drinking | 1627 (30.1) | 360 (34.8) | 798 (28.7) | 469 (29.3) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.71 ± 1.69 | 4.72 ± 0.42 | 5.21 ± 0.73 | 7.23 ± 2.28 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.37 ± 1.11 | 5.39 ± 0.24 | 6.09 ± 0.41 | 7.51 ± 1.32 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol) | 76.50 ± 18.31 | 76.40 ± 15.52 | 75.96 ± 17.41 | 77.50 ± 21.24 | 0.077 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.13 ± 1.16 | 4.01 ± 1.13 | 4.19 ± 1.18 | 4.11 ± 1.15 | 0.139 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.05 ± 0.28 | 1.05 ± 0.29 | 1.06 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.27 | 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.52 ± 1.02 | 2.45 ± 1.06 | 2.57 ± 1.02 | 2.48 ± 1.00 | 0.907 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.52 (1.12–2.09) | 1.44 (1.05–1.99) | 1.49 (1.11–2.03) | 1.60 (1.20–2.25) | < 0.001 |
| FFAs (mmol/L) | 0.40 (0.30–0.53) | 0.40 (0.30–0.48) | 0.40 (0.29–0.49) | 0.46 (0.35–0.57) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 63.37 ± 8.36 | 63.90 ± 7.76 | 63.24 ± 8.54 | 63.26 ± 8.39 | 0.093 |
| Gensini score | 24 (8–48) | 20 (8–39) | 22 (8–44) | 28 (12–56) | < 0.001 |
| Medications | |||||
| Baseline statins | 4294 (79.0) | 805 (77.5) | 2788 (79.9) | 1606 (78.6) | 0.233 |
| Follow-up statins | 5331 (98.1) | 1011 (97.3) | 2744 (98.4) | 1606 (98.1) | 0.077 |
| Baseline aspirin | 2873 (52.9) | 523 (50.3) | 1488 (53.4) | 862 (53.7) | 0.123 |
| Follow-up aspirin | 5435 (98.4) | 1039 (98.1) | 2788 (98.4) | 1606 (98.6) | 0.618 |
| Baseline ACEIs/ARBs | 1540 (28.3) | 295 (28.4) | 778 (27.9) | 467 (29.1) | 0.623 |
| Follow-up ACEIs/ARBs | 4661 (85.8) | 886 (85.3) | 2392 (85.8) | 1383 (86.1) | 0.552 |
| Baseline β-blockers | 2873 (52.9) | 523 (50.3) | 1488 (53.4) | 862 (53.7) | 0.123 |
| Follow-up β-Blockers | 4386 (80.7) | 829 (79.8) | 2253 (80.8) | 1304 (81.2) | 0.389 |
| Baseline antidiabetes drugs | |||||
| OADs | 937 (17.2) | – | – | 937 (58.3) | |
| Insulin | 571 (10.5) | – | – | 571 (35.6) | |
