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Table 1 Baseline characters of participants according to glucose metabolism status

From: Impact of free fatty acids on prognosis in coronary artery disease patients under different glucose metabolism status

Variables

Total

n = 5433

NGR

n = 1039

Pre-DM

n = 2788

DM

n = 1606

p-value for trend

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

57.97 ± 10.35

54.45 ± 10.54

58.64 ± 10.09

59.09 ± 10.19

< 0.001

 Male,

3954 (72.8)

807 (77.7)

2009 (72.2)

11,139 (70.9)

< 0.001

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.83 ± 3.17

25.31 ± 2.99

25.76 ± 3.12

26.30 ± 3.14

< 0.001

 Overweight

3291 (60.5)

581 (55.9)

1663 (59.6)

1047 (65.2)

< 0.001

 Obese

505 (9.3)

72 (6.9)

249 (8.9)

184 (11.5)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

3451 (63.5)

598 (57.6)

1676 (60.1)

1177 (73.3)

< 0.001

 Family history of CAD

787 (14.5)

172 (16.6)

379 (13.6)

236 (14.7)

0.066

 Current Smoker

2436 (55.2)

580 (55.8)

1559 (52.0)

858 (53.4)

0.248

 Drinking

1627 (30.1)

360 (34.8)

798 (28.7)

469 (29.3)

0.001

Laboratory findings

 Glucose (mmol/L)

5.71 ± 1.69

4.72 ± 0.42

5.21 ± 0.73

7.23 ± 2.28

< 0.001

 HbA1c (%)

6.37 ± 1.11

5.39 ± 0.24

6.09 ± 0.41

7.51 ± 1.32

< 0.001

 Creatinine (μmol)

76.50 ± 18.31

76.40 ± 15.52

75.96 ± 17.41

77.50 ± 21.24

0.077

 TC (mmol/L)

4.13 ± 1.16

4.01 ± 1.13

4.19 ± 1.18

4.11 ± 1.15

0.139

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.05 ± 0.28

1.05 ± 0.29

1.06 ± 0.28

1.02 ± 0.27

0.001

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.52 ± 1.02

2.45 ± 1.06

2.57 ± 1.02

2.48 ± 1.00

0.907

 TG (mmol/L)

1.52 (1.12–2.09)

1.44 (1.05–1.99)

1.49 (1.11–2.03)

1.60 (1.20–2.25)

< 0.001

 FFAs (mmol/L)

0.40 (0.30–0.53)

0.40 (0.30–0.48)

0.40 (0.29–0.49)

0.46 (0.35–0.57)

< 0.001

 LVEF (%)

63.37 ± 8.36

63.90 ± 7.76

63.24 ± 8.54

63.26 ± 8.39

0.093

 Gensini score

24 (8–48)

20 (8–39)

22 (8–44)

28 (12–56)

< 0.001

Medications

 Baseline statins

4294 (79.0)

805 (77.5)

2788 (79.9)

1606 (78.6)

0.233

 Follow-up statins

5331 (98.1)

1011 (97.3)

2744 (98.4)

1606 (98.1)

0.077

 Baseline aspirin

2873 (52.9)

523 (50.3)

1488 (53.4)

862 (53.7)

0.123

 Follow-up aspirin

5435 (98.4)

1039 (98.1)

2788 (98.4)

1606 (98.6)

0.618

 Baseline ACEIs/ARBs

1540 (28.3)

295 (28.4)

778 (27.9)

467 (29.1)

0.623

 Follow-up ACEIs/ARBs

4661 (85.8)

886 (85.3)

2392 (85.8)

1383 (86.1)

0.552

 Baseline β-blockers

2873 (52.9)

523 (50.3)

1488 (53.4)

862 (53.7)

0.123

 Follow-up β-Blockers

4386 (80.7)

829 (79.8)

2253 (80.8)

1304 (81.2)

0.389

Baseline antidiabetes drugs

 OADs

937 (17.2)

–

–

937 (58.3)

 

 Insulin

571 (10.5)

–

–

571 (35.6)

 
  1. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, median with 25th and 75th percentile or n (%)
  2. p for trend for the continuous and categorical variables was examined by a generalized linear model and the Chi square test
  3. NGR normal glucose regulation, Pre-DM pre-diabetes mellitus, DM diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, HbA1c haemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFAs free fatty acids, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, CAD coronary artery disease, ACEIs ACE inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, OADs oral antidiabetes drugs