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Table 1 Population analysis

From: Intrinsic calcification angle: a novel feature of the vulnerable coronary plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes: an optical coherence tomography study

 

Stable CAD (n = 56)

ACS (n = 36)

P

Age (years)

70.4 ± 5.9

67.8 ± 9.2

0.171

Sex (male, n, %)

36 (64.3)

25 (69.4)

0.609

Hypertension (n, %)

49 (87.5)

23 (63.9)

0.365

Systolic BP (mmHg)

137.8 ± 19.6

137.0 ± 16.6

0.827

Current nicotine use (n, %)

9 (16.1)

10 (27.8)

0.176

Total pack years (pack years)

17.1 ± 22.2

18.2 ± 17.3

0.796

Positive family history (n, %)

25 (44.6)

12 (33.3)

0.280

Hyperlipidaemia (n, %)

39 (69.6)

23 (63.9)

0.566

BMI (kg/m2)

30.8 ± 4.6

29.4 ± 6.0

0.218

COPD (n, %)

6 (10.7)

5 (13.9)

0.647

Known CAD (n, %)

20 (35.7)

13 (36.1)

0.969

Previous PCI (n, %)

14 (25.0)

13 (36.1)

0.559

Previous CABG (n, %)

2 (3.6)

1 (2.8)

0.834

Diabetes severity

 Duration of diabetes (years)

11.4 ± 9.5

11.3 ± 10.5

0.943

 History of diabetic retinopathy (n, %)

10 (17.9)

8 (22.2)

0.606

 History of diabetic neuropathy (n, %)

20 (35.7)

8 (22.2)

0.170

 HbA1c (%)

7.2 ± 1.6

7.7 ± 1.8

0.008

Lab values

 Total cholesterol (mg/ml)

191.2 ± 45.1

187.1 ± 44.3

0.667

 LDL-cholesterol (mg/ml)

117.8 ± 36.4

113.0 ± 36.2

0.543

 HDL-cholesterol (mg/ml)

44.2 ± 10.3

42.5 ± 12.4

0.472

 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

181.8 ± 103.2

165.4 ± 95.2

0.454

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

58.8 ± 6.5

58.1 ± 6.4

0.620

 BUN (mg/dl)

40.6 ± 14.5

40.2 ± 16.5

0.899

 Serum Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.3

0.927

 CRP (mg/ml)

9.3 ± 11.6

20.1 ± 31.6

0.057

 Creatine kinase at admission (U/l)

102.9 ± 60.1

190.1 ± 158.3

0.003

 LDH (U/l)

213.2 ± 66.4

245.4 ± 82.0

0.046

 Maximal troponin T (ng/ml)

NA

487.4 ± 579.5

NA

 Maximal CK (U/l)

NA

283.1 ± 215.7

NA

 Maximal CK-MB (U/l)

NA

84.0 ± 16.9

NA

Medication pre-OCT

 Aspirin (n, %)

52 (92.9)

32 (88.9)

0.510

 Betablocker (n, %)

46 (82.1)

25 (71.4)

0.230

 ACE-i or ARB (n, %)

39 (72.2)

24 (68.8)

0.711

 Insulin (n, %)

26 (46.6)

14 (38.9)

0.476

 Metformin (n, %)

37 (66.1)

22 (61.1)

0.628

 Sulfonylureas (n, %)

13 (23.2)

5 (13.9)

0.271

 Incretins (n, %)

12 (21.4)

6 (16.7)

0.574

 Statin (n, %)

40 (71.4)

22 (61.1)

0.354

Plaque features in OCT

 Minimal FCT (µm)

80.4 ± 27.0

51.3 ± 9.4

< 0.001

 Mean FCT (µm)

125.7 ± 29.5

97.2 ± 18.0

< 0.001

 Lipid volume index (mm*°)

493.8 ± 361.1

1105.4 ± 343.8

< 0.001

 Presence of macrophages (n,  %)

23 (41.1)

25 (69.4)

0.002

  1. ACEi ACE-inhibitors, ACS acute coronary syndrome, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CAD coronary artery disease, CK creatin-kinase, CK-MB creatin-kinase muscle-brain, CRP C-reactive protein, FCT fibrous cap thickness, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LDL low density lipoprotein, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention