Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study patients
Characteristics | Standard screening (N = 683) | Intensive screening (N = 357) | SMD | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 60.7 ± 12.1 | 60.0 ± 8.9 | 0.07 | 0.29 |
Female (%) | 238 (34.8%) | 121 (33.9%) | 0.02 | 0.76 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 7.9 ± 6.6 | 8.4 ± 7.5 | − 0.08 | 0.27 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 5.0 | 29.2 ± 5.0 | 0.04 | 0.51 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 135.7 ± 19.9 | 136.3 ± 16.8 | − 0.03 | 0.64 |
Dyastolic BP (mmHg) | 81.8 ± 11.3 | 81.7 ± 10.1 | 0.00 | 0.96 |
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | 7.5 ± 1.5 (58 ± 12) | 7.5 ± 1.4 (58 ± 11) | − 0.03 | 0.61 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 183.0 ± 40.5 | 183.1 ± 35.9 | 0.00 | 0.99 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 49.2 ± 13.7 | 49.4 ± 14.6 | − 0.01 | 0.84 |
Triglicerides (mg/dl) | 131.8 ± 68.9 | 133.1 ± 75.2 | − 0.02 | 0.78 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 107.2 ± 35.3 | 107.1 ± 31.2 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.87 ± 0.20 | 0.86 ± 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.69 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 87.0 ± 17.7 | 87.9 ± 16.9 | − 0.05 | 0.43 |
Albuminuria | 0.83 | |||
Normoalbuminuria N (%) | 495 (72.5%) | 254 (71.1%) | 0.03 | |
Microalbuminuria N (%) | 155 (22.7%) | 83 (23.2%) | − 0.01 | |
Macroalbuminuria N (%) | 33 (4.8%) | 20 (5.6%) | − 0.03 | |
Medical treatment | ||||
Any glucose-lowering drugs N (%) | 579 (84.8%) | 312 (87.4%) | − 0.08 | 0.25 |
Metformin alone N (%) | 240 (35.1%) | 118 (33.1%) | 0.04 | 0.50 |
Insulin N (%) | 130 (19.0%) | 76 (21.3%) | − 0.04 | 0.39 |
Innovative therapies N (%) | 58 (8.5%) | 35 (9.8%) | − 0.05 | 0.48 |
ACEi/ARBs N (%) | 452 (66.2%) | 242 (67.8%) | − 0.04 | 0.60 |
Statin N (%) | 436 (63.8%) | 235 (65.8%) | − 0.04 | 0.52 |
Lipid-lowering therapy N (%) | 474 (69.4%) | 253 (70.9%) | − 0.04 | 0.62 |
Anti-platelet therapy N (%) | 224 (32.8%) | 113 (31.7%) | 0.03 | 0.71 |
Medical history | ||||
CAD or CerVD events N (%) | 59 (8.6%) | 31 (8.7%) | 0.00 | 0.98 |
Macroangiopathy N (%) | 285 (41.7%) | 150 (42.0%) | − 0.01 | 0.93 |
Carotid atheroma or PAD, % | 37.6% | 40.1% | ||
CAD, % | 8.0% | 8.1% | ||
CerVD, % | 0.7% | 0.6% | ||
Microangiopathy N (%) | 344 (50.4%) | 199 (55.7%) | − 0.11 | 0.10 |
Diabetic nephropathy, % | 32.3% | 31.9% | ||
Diabetic retinopathy, % | 33.8% | 30.3% | ||
Diabetic neuropathy, % | 15.2% | 19.0% | ||
CKD N (%) | 59 (8.6%) | 29 (8.1%) | 0.02 | 0.78 |