Variables | Total | baPWV, m/s | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 (< 15.9) | Quartile 2 (15.9–< 17.9) | Quartile 3 (17.9–< 20.7) | Quartile 4 (≥ 20.7) | |||
N | 2429 | 607 | 605 | 606 | 611 | |
Age, years | 59.7 ± 7.4 | 55.2 ± 6.3 | 58.9 ± 6.8 | 60.9 ± 6.9 | 63.8 ± 6.6 | < 0.001 |
Male, No. (%) | 1049 (43.2) | 273 (45.0) | 267 (44.1) | 252 (41.6) | 257 (42.1) | 0.581 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 3.6 | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 25.2 ± 3.7 | 24.8 ± 3.5 | 24.5 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, bmp | 72.4 ± 9.5 | 70.1 ± 8.5 | 71.2 ± 8.5 | 72.3 ± 9.2 | 75.9 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |
baPWV, m/s | 18.6 ± 3.7 | 14.6 ± 1.1 | 16.9 ± 0.6 | 19.2 ± 0.8 | 23.7 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
Current smoking, No. (%) | 585 (24.1) | 127 (20.9) | 155 (25.6) | 151 (24.9) | 152 (24.9) | 0.275 |
Enalapril group, No. (%) | 1196 (49.2) | 304 (50.1) | 290 (47.9) | 295 (48.7) | 307 (50.2) | 0.823 |
MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, No. (%) | 0.920 | |||||
CC | 636 (26.2) | 151 (24.9) | 156 (25.8) | 169 (27.9) | 160 (26.2) | |
CT | 1186 (48.8) | 296 (48.8) | 297 (49.1) | 293 (48.3) | 300 (49.1) | |
TT | 607 (25.0) | 160 (26.4) | 152 (25.1) | 144 (23.8) | 151 (24.7) | |
BP, mmHg | ||||||
Systolic BP at baseline | 166.5 ± 20.2 | 153.5 ± 16.2 | 163.4 ± 16.1 | 170.0 ± 18.8 | 179.1 ± 20.0 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP at baseline | 94.8 ± 11.7 | 93.2 ± 10.3 | 94.1 ± 11.3 | 94.5 ± 12.0 | 97.4 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 |
Time-averaged systolic BPa | 138.6 ± 10.7 | 133.7 ± 9.0 | 137.8 ± 9.9 | 139.2 ± 10.1 | 143.5 ± 11.2 | < 0.001 |
Time-averaged diastolic BP | 83.3 ± 7.4 | 84.6 ± 6.8 | 83.6 ± 7.4 | 82.5 ± 7.6 | 82.4 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory results | ||||||
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 4.0 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.606 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 97.6 ± 12.5 | 97.0 ± 11.9 | 97.3 ± 11.9 | 97.1 ± 12.7 | 99.0 ± 13.2 | 0.016 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 65.3 ± 15.2 | 64.6 ± 14.1 | 65.2 ± 14.1 | 65.8 ± 17.3 | 65.7 ± 15.2 | 0.466 |
Folate, ng/mL | 8.2 ± 3.6 | 8.0 ± 3.3 | 8.2 ± 3.5 | 8.1 ± 3.6 | 8.4 ± 3.9 | 0.213 |
Medication use, No. (%) | ||||||
Antihypertensive drugs | 1152 (47.4) | 292 (48.1) | 276 (45.6) | 294 (48.5) | 290 (47.5) | 0.755 |
Lipid lowering drugs | 18 (0.7) | 6 (1.0) | 7 (1.2) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.7) | 0.193 |
Antiplatelet drugs | 67 (2.8) | 17 (2.8) | 12 (2.0) | 14 (2.3) | 24 (3.9) | 0.177 |