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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) quartiles

From: Positive association between baseline brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity and the risk of new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients

Variables

Total

baPWV, m/s

P value

Quartile 1 (< 15.9)

Quartile 2 (15.9–< 17.9)

Quartile 3 (17.9–< 20.7)

Quartile 4 (≥ 20.7)

N

2429

607

605

606

611

 

Age, years

59.7 ± 7.4

55.2 ± 6.3

58.9 ± 6.8

60.9 ± 6.9

63.8 ± 6.6

< 0.001

Male, No. (%)

1049 (43.2)

273 (45.0)

267 (44.1)

252 (41.6)

257 (42.1)

0.581

Body mass index, kg/m2

25.1 ± 3.6

25.7 ± 3.5

25.2 ± 3.7

24.8 ± 3.5

24.5 ± 3.4

< 0.001

Heart rate, bmp

72.4 ± 9.5

70.1 ± 8.5

71.2 ± 8.5

72.3 ± 9.2

75.9 ± 10.7

< 0.001

baPWV, m/s

18.6 ± 3.7

14.6 ± 1.1

16.9 ± 0.6

19.2 ± 0.8

23.7 ± 2.8

< 0.001

Current smoking, No. (%)

585 (24.1)

127 (20.9)

155 (25.6)

151 (24.9)

152 (24.9)

0.275

Enalapril group, No. (%)

1196 (49.2)

304 (50.1)

290 (47.9)

295 (48.7)

307 (50.2)

0.823

MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, No. (%)

0.920

 CC

636 (26.2)

151 (24.9)

156 (25.8)

169 (27.9)

160 (26.2)

 

 CT

1186 (48.8)

296 (48.8)

297 (49.1)

293 (48.3)

300 (49.1)

 

 TT

607 (25.0)

160 (26.4)

152 (25.1)

144 (23.8)

151 (24.7)

 

BP, mmHg

 Systolic BP at baseline

166.5 ± 20.2

153.5 ± 16.2

163.4 ± 16.1

170.0 ± 18.8

179.1 ± 20.0

< 0.001

 Diastolic BP at baseline

94.8 ± 11.7

93.2 ± 10.3

94.1 ± 11.3

94.5 ± 12.0

97.4 ± 12.6

< 0.001

 Time-averaged systolic BPa

138.6 ± 10.7

133.7 ± 9.0

137.8 ± 9.9

139.2 ± 10.1

143.5 ± 11.2

< 0.001

 Time-averaged diastolic BP

83.3 ± 7.4

84.6 ± 6.8

83.6 ± 7.4

82.5 ± 7.6

82.4 ± 7.4

< 0.001

Laboratory results

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.3 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.4

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.4 ± 1.1

5.3 ± 1.0

5.4 ± 1.1

5.5 ± 1.1

5.6 ± 1.2

< 0.001

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.7 ± 2.1

1.6 ± 1.0

1.7 ± 4.0

1.6 ± 0.8

1.7 ± 0.9

0.606

 Fasting glucose, mg/dL

97.6 ± 12.5

97.0 ± 11.9

97.3 ± 11.9

97.1 ± 12.7

99.0 ± 13.2

0.016

 Creatinine, μmol/L

65.3 ± 15.2

64.6 ± 14.1

65.2 ± 14.1

65.8 ± 17.3

65.7 ± 15.2

0.466

 Folate, ng/mL

8.2 ± 3.6

8.0 ± 3.3

8.2 ± 3.5

8.1 ± 3.6

8.4 ± 3.9

0.213

Medication use, No. (%)

 Antihypertensive drugs

1152 (47.4)

292 (48.1)

276 (45.6)

294 (48.5)

290 (47.5)

0.755

 Lipid lowering drugs

18 (0.7)

6 (1.0)

7 (1.2)

1 (0.2)

4 (0.7)

0.193

 Antiplatelet drugs

67 (2.8)

17 (2.8)

12 (2.0)

14 (2.3)

24 (3.9)

0.177

  1. Variables are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
  2. BP: blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein; MTHFR: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
  3. aTime-averaged systolic BP: mean systolic BP during the treatment period