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Table 1 Characteristics and biochemical indicators of pigs at the 18th week

From: Dapagliflozin improves left ventricular remodeling and aorta sympathetic tone in a pig model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

 

Normal

HFpEF

DAPA

n

10

10

10

BW (kg)

63.3 ± 7.2

79.6 ± 5.4a

69.7 ± 6.5a,b

HR (bpm)

74.2 ± 9.6

61.3 ± 7.8

75.9 ± 5.3

Plasma biochemistry

TC (mg/dl)

67.4 ± 3.3

543.5 ± 54.9a

515.7 ± 49.7a

LDL (mg/dl)

23.5 ± 3.1

352.7 ± 32.8a

375.8 ± 26.8a

HDL (mg/dl)

35.7 ± 2.3

196.4 ± 23.1a

180.7 ± 28.3a

TG (mg/dl)

28.6 ± 6.8

54.7 ± 13.1a

59.6 ± 12.4a

HbA1c (%)

5.3 ± 1.2

5.6 ± 0.8

5.5 ± 1.1

Urine biochemistry

Glucose (g/24 h)

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

24.0 ± 2.1a,b

Na+ (mmol/24 h)

63.0 ± 5.4

54.6 ± 5.1a

93.4 ± 8.5a,b

Plasma ELISA (pg/ml)

BNP

56.9 ± 14.5

76.2 ± 15.3a

77.3 ± 10.7a

E

76.9 ± 14.5

125.2 ± 17.3a

113.2 ± 28.7a,b

NE

60.7 ± 14.3

179.6 ± 17.3a

163.8 ± 20.9a,b

Ang II

200.8 ± 19.7

476.5 ± 26.3a

467.4 ± 33.1a

Tissue ELISA (NE) (pg/ug)

LA

11.6 ± 4.2

19.8 ± 5.9a

18.4 ± 3.5a

LV

15.1 ± 3.6

29.7 ± 3.8a

27.5 ± 8.7a

Aorta

25.6 ± 7.9

71.4 ± 13.5a

55.6 ± 11.9a,b

Kidney

8.2 ± 3.1

16.3 ± 4.7a

18.9 ± 3.0a

  1. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test
  2. ap < 0.05 vs. the Normal group
  3. bp < 0.05 vs. the HFpEF group