Fig. 8

Beneficial effects of dapagliflozin on inflammation and the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in the aorta. Aortic signaling pathway proteins (p-eNOS, NOS and PKG1) were determined by Western blotting (a, c), and the relative protein levels were quantified densitometrically with ImageJ (b, d). Available ELISA kits were used to measure the levels of aortic cGMP (e) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) (f, g). β-Actin was used as an internal control. Values are shown as the mean ± SD. ^*p < 0.05 vs. the Normal group, ^#p < 0.05 vs. the HEpEF group