Table 1 Baseline characteristics (total population n = 943)
|  | CTO-MT (n = 443) | CTO-SR (n = 500) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
 Age (years) | 60.65 ± 10.58 | 59.97 ± 8.78 | 0.285 |
 Male | 322 (72.7) | 392 (78.4) | 0.041 |
 Hypertension | 308 (69.5) | 337 (67.4) | 0.483 |
 Dyslipidemia | 152 (34.3) | 139 (27.8) | 0.031 |
 PVD | 18 (4.1) | 15 (3.0) | 0.375 |
 Prior MI | 234 (52.8) | 285 (57.0) | 0.198 |
 Prior PCI | 90 (20.3) | 72 (14.4) | 0.016 |
 Prior stroke | 35 (7.9) | 22 (4.4) | 0.024 |
 Heart failure | 125 (28.2) | 149 (29.8) | 0.593 |
 Systolic heart failure | 52 (11.7) | 63 (12.6) | 0.686 |
 Diastolic heart failure | 73 (16.5) | 86 (17.2) | 0.768 |
 CKD | 15 (3.4) | 10 (2.0) | 0.186 |
 COPD/asthma | 4 (0.9) | 4 (0.8) | 0.864 |
 Hyperuricemia | 97 (21.9) | 86 (17.2) | 0.069 |
 Smoking | 216 (48.8) | 266 (53.2) | 0.173 |
 Drinking | 74 (16.7) | 91 (18.2) | 0.546 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 26.46 ± 3.31 | 26.67 ± 3.02 | 0.304 |
 LVEF (%) | 61.00 (55.00–66.50) | 60.00 (55.00–66.00) | 0.153 |
 RWMA | 144 (32.5) | 160 (32.0) | 0.868 |
 Fasting blood glucose(mmol/L) | 7.20 (6.25–9.31) | 7.41 (6.13–9.26) | 0.727 |
 HbA1c (%)b | 7.3 (6.7–8.0) | 7.3 (6.9–7.9) | 0.753 |
Medical treatment | |||
 Aspirin | 428 (96.8) | 429 (98.4) | 0.114 |
 P2Y12 inhibitor | 396 (89.6) | 410 (82.3) | 0.001 |
 Statin | 422 (95.5) | 462 (92.8) | 0.080 |
 Nitrites | 262 (59.3) | 152 (30.5) | 0.000 |
 Beta-blocker | 341 (77.1) | 405 (81.3) | 0.114 |
 CCB | 123 (27.8) | 123 (24.7) | 0.276 |
 ACEI/ARB | 246 (55.7) | 272 (54.6) | 0.750 |
 Insulin | 160 (36.1) | 202 (40.4) | 0.177 |
 Sulfonylureas | 64 (14.4) | 66 (13.2) | 0.579 |
 Glinide | 20 (4.5) | 18 (3.6) | 0.476 |
 Biguanides | 152 (34.3) | 195 (39.0) | 0.136 |
 Thiazolidinediones | 48 (10.8) | 54 (10.8) | 0.986 |
 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 159 (35.9) | 151 (30.2) | 0.063 |
Angiographic characteristics | |||
 Dominance artery (right) | 396 (89.4) | 488 (97.6) | 0.000 |
Number of diseased vessels | |||
 1 | 115 (26.0) | 94 (18.8) | 0.008 |
 2 | 151 (34.1) | 201 (40.2) | 0.053 |
 3 | 177 (40.0) | 205 (41.0) | 0.744 |
 Syntax scorea | 20.00 (13.00–27.00) | 20.00 (17.00–23.00) | 0.400 |
 Rentrop grade ≥ 2a | 309 (82.4) | 368 (88.0) | 0.025 |
 Abrupt stumpa | 188 (50.1) | 205 (49.0) | 0.759 |
 Calcificationa | 73 (19.5) | 80 (19.1) | 0.907 |
 Bending ≥ 45°a | 327 (87.2) | 361 (86.4) | 0.729 |
 CTO length ≥ 20 mma | 278 (74.1) | 308 (73.7) | 0.886 |
Procedural characteristics | |||
 Retrograde approachc | 3 (1.6) | 41 (13.3) | 0.000 |
 Perforationc | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | 0.193 |
 Pericardial effusionc | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
 Emergency surgeryc | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
 Contrast retention/dissectionc | 2 (0.5) | 5 (1.0) | 0.457 |
 Thread offc | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.470 |
 Sudden cardiac arrestc | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.000 |
 Death during hospitalizationc | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.6) | 0.627 |