Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 2 Crude and adjusted HRs of cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality

Outcome	Number of severe hypoglycemia	N	Event	Incidence rate (per 1000 patient-years)	HR (95% CI)			P for trend
Outcome	Number of severe hypoglycemia	N	Event	Incidence rate (per 1000 patient-years)	Crude	Sex- and age adjusted	Multivariable^a	P for trend
Myocardial infarction	0	1,548,437	58,529	6.7	Reference	Reference	Reference	< 0.001
	1	15,992	945	12.1	2.36 (2.21–2.51)	1.83 (1.72–1.96)	1.56 (1.46–1.64)
	2	2543	182	16.1	3.12 (2.70–3.61)	2.31 (1.99–2.67)	1.86 (1.61–2.15)
	3 or more	1125	72	15.5	2.99 (2.97–3.77)	2.39 (1.90–3.01)	1.86 (1.48–2.35)
Stroke	0	1,548,437	58,529	6.7	Reference	Reference	Reference	< 0.001
	1	15,992	1304	16.9	2.53 (2.40–2.67)	1.78 (1.68–1.88)	1.54 (1.46–1.63)
	2	2543	228	20.2	3.03 (2.66–3.45)	1.97 (1.73–2.24)	1.62 (1.42–1.84)
	3 or more	1125	115	24.9	3.74 (3.11–4.49)	2.69 (2.25–3.24)	2.14 (1.78–2.57)
Heart failure	0	1,548,437	52,485	6.0	Reference	Reference	Reference	< 0.001
	1	15,992	1423	18.4	3.13 (2.97–3.30)	2.09 (1.99–2.21)	1.68 (1.60–1.78)
	2	2543	283	25.2	4.33 (3.85–4.87)	2.66 (2.36–2.99)	2.00 (1.78–2.25)
	3 or more	1125	139	30.5	5.31 (4.49–6.27)	3.65 (3.09–4.31)	2.59 (2.19–3.06)
All-cause death	0	1,548,437	146,332	16.5	Reference	Reference	Reference	< 0.001
	1	15,992	5058	63.3	3.88 (3.77–3.99)	2.46 (2.39–2.53)	1.98 (1.93–2.04)
	2	2543	1074	91.6	5.63 (5.31–3.98)	3.24 (3.05–3.44)	2.39 (2.25–2.53)
	3 or more	1125	572	119.0	7.37 (6.79–8.00)	4.73 (4.35–5.13)	3.28 (3.02–3.56)

^aAdjusted for age, sex, living place (urban or rural), income level, anti-diabetic drugs, the presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and major comorbidities (malignancy, liver cirrhosis, ESRD, and COPD)

ISSN: 1475-2840