Behavior change | Baseline, mean (SD) | 1Â year, mean (SD) | Mean change (SD) | N cases/N totala | HR [95% CI]b CVD | N cases/N totala | HR [95% CI]b all-cause mortality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total physical activity (MET hours/day) | |||||||
 Increased ≥ 2 MET hours | 10.1 (6.6) | 16.4 (8.8) | 6.3 (4.5) | 30/218 | 1.10 [0.61, 1.98] | 27/218 | 0.87 [0.47, 1.60] |
 Maintained within 2 MET hours | 9.1 (5.3) | 9.1 (5.4) | 0.0 (1.1) | 36/277 | 1 | 41/277 | 1 |
 Decreased ≥ 2 MET hours | 16.6 (8.8) | 10.1 (6.3) | − 6.5 (5.5) | 26/198 | 0.92 [0.55, 1.55] | 25/198 | 0.90 [0.50, 1.63] |
Alcohol (mean units/week) | |||||||
 Decreased ≥ 2 units or abstained | 8.5 (13.6) | 5.1 (9.3) | − 3.4 (6.1) | 38/361 | 0.56 [0.36, 0.87] | 52/362 | 1.06 [0.67, 1.67] |
 Maintained within 2 units | 5.5 (6.4) | 5.5 (6.3) | 0.0 (0.8) | 38/213 | 1 | 25/214 | 1 |
 Increased ≥ 2 units | 9.2 (8.2) | 15.6 (13.4) | 6.4 (7.7) | 15/101 | 0.72 [0.34, 1.53] | 15/101 | 1.13 [0.67, 1.93] |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | |||||||
 Decreased ≥ 300 kcal | 2376 (721) | 1590 (490) | − 786 (472) | 38/303 | 0.78 [0.46, 1.33] | 34/303 | 0.56 [0.34, 0.92] |
 Maintained within 300 kcal | 1682 (469) | 1653 (482) | − 29 (164) | 37/279 | 1 | 44/279 | 1 |
 Increased ≥ 300 kcal | 1617 (546) | 2284 (829) | 668 (301) | 16/102 | 1.36 [0.69, 2.69] | 14/102 | 1.19 [0.56, 2.52] |
Fat as percentage of energy intake (%) | |||||||
 Decreased ≥ 4% | 35.6 (5.4) | 27.4 (5.7) | − 8.3 (3.9) | 37/256 | 1.03 [0.64, 1.65] | 38/256 | 0.95 [0.59, 1.53] |
 Maintained within 4% | 32.4 (5.4) | 32.0 (5.2) | − 0.3 (2.3) | 40/314 | 1 | 37/314 | 1 |
 Increased ≥ 4% | 28.0 (6.2) | 35.7 (5.7) | 7.8 (3.5) | 14/114 | 0.87 [0.41, 1.85] | 17/114 | 1.22 [0.58, 2.57] |
Fibre intake (g/day) | |||||||
 Increased > 3 g/day | 15.0 (5.5) | 24.1 (15.7) | 9.0 (14.1) | 32/250 | 0.94 [0.57, 1.55] | 32/250 | 0.99 [0.57, 1.71] |
 Maintained within 3 g/day | 16.0 (5.5) | 16.1 (5.5) | 0.1 (1.7) | 41/296 | 1 | 44/296 | 1 |
 Decreased ≥ 3 g/day | 22.8 (7.9) | 15.5 (5.7) | − 7.4 (5.0) | 18/138 | 1.36 [0.63, 2.94] | 16/138 | 0.93 [0.42, 2.06] |
Plasma vitamin C (µmol/l) | |||||||
 Increased > 10 µmol/l | 41.6 (18.2) | 67.4 (23.8) | 25.8 (16.3) | 22/199 | 0.68 [0.41, 1.13] | 29/199 | 1.18 [0.69, 2.01] |
 Maintained within 10 µmol/l | 53.1 (21.6) | 53.0 (22.0) | 0.0 (5.5) | 34/236 | 1 | 31/236 | 1 |
 Decreased ≥ 10 µmol/l | 65.5 (21.4) | 40.6 (19.0) | − 24.9 (12.5) | 21/156 | 0.97 [0.58, 1.65] | 17/156 | 0.85 [0.41, 1.77] |
Behavior change score | |||||||
 0 changes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 9/36 | 1 | 5/37 | 1 |
 1 change | n/a | n/a | n/a | 25/145 | 0.60 [0.26, 1.37] | 16/146 | 0.68 [0.23, 2.00] |
 2 changes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 23/217 | 0.39 [0.18, 0.82] | 40/220 | 1.15 [0.45, 2.89] |
 3–4 changes | n/a | n/a | n/a | 19/167 | 0.42 [0.19, 0.95] | 14/170 | 0.46 [0.13, 1.54] |