| Female (n = 330) | Male (n = 522) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 1Â year | Baseline | 1Â year | |
Cohort characteristics | ||||
 BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 34.7 (6.0) | 33.1 (6.1) | 32.7 (5.4) | 31.7 (5.2) |
  Missing, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 50 (15.2%) | 3 (0.6%) | 74 (14.2%) |
 Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 88.2 (16.1) | 84.3 (16.5) | 98.5 (17.8) | 95.6 (17.1) |
  N missing | 1 (0.3%) | 50 (15.2%) | 3 (0.6%) | 74 (14.2%) |
 Smoking, n (%) | ||||
  Current | 47 (14.3%) | 33 (11.5%) | 104 (19.9%) | 77 (17.0%) |
  Former | 123 (37.4%) | 113 (39.4%) | 268 (51.3%) | 243 (53.8%) |
  Never | 159 (48.3%) | 141 (49.1%) | 150 (28.7%) | 132 (29.2%) |
  Missing, n (%) | 1 (0.3%) | 43 (13.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 70 (13.4%) |
CVD risk factors | ||||
 HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.2 (1.6) | 6.5 (0.8) | 7.4 (1.7) | 6.5 (0.9) |
  mmol/mol, mean | 55.2 | 47.5 | 57.4 | 47.5 |
  Missing, n (%) | 12 (3.6%) | 55 (17.0%) | 9 (1.7%) | 76 (14.6%) |
 Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | ||||
  Systolic | 140 (20) | 133 (18) | 143 (20) | 138 (18) |
  Diastolic | 80 (9) | 77 (9) | 83 (11) | 80 (10) |
  Missing, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 52 (15.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 73 (14.0%) |
 Lipids (mmol/l), mean (SD) | ||||
  Total cholesterol | 5.6 (1.1) | 4.7 (0.9) | 5.2 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.0) |
   Missing, n (%) | 10 (3.0%) | 51 (15.5%) | 9 (1.7%) | 73 (14.0%) |
  LDL | 3.4 (1.0) | 2.6 (0.8) | 3.2 (1.0) | 2.5 (0.9) |
   Missing, n (%) | 15 (4.5%) | 58 (17.6%) | 35 (6.7%) | 90 (17.2%) |
  Triglyceride | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.8) | 2.0 (1.5) |
   Missing, n (%) | 10 (3.0%) | 51 (15.5%) | 10 (1.9%) | 73 (14.0%) |
Medication use, n (%) | ||||
 Glucose-lowering | ||||
  Yes | 1 (0.3%) | 81 (28.7%) | 3 (0.6%) | 143 (32.1%) |
  No | 327 (99.7%) | 201 (71.3%) | 519 (99.4%) | 303 (67.9%) |
  Missing, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 48 (14.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 76 (14.6%) |
 Antihypertensive | ||||
  Yes | 212 (64.6%) | 207 (73.4%) | 278 (53.3%) | 297 (66.6%) |
  No | 116 (35.4%) | 75 (26.6%) | 244 (46.7%) | 149 (33.4%) |
  Missing, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 48 (14.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 76 (14.6%) |
 Lipid-lowering | ||||
  Yes | 70 (21.3%) | 186 (66.0%) | 136 (26.1%) | 292 (65.5%) |
  No | 258 (78.7%) | 96 (34.0%) | 386 (73.9%) | 154 (34.5%) |
  Missing, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 48 (14.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 76 (14.6%) |
Health behaviors | ||||
 Total physical activity (MET hours/day), median (Q1, Q3) | 8.9 (5.6, 12.0) | 8.7 (6.1, 12.4) | 10.6 (6.9, 16.3) | 11.4 (7.3, 17.4) |
  Missing, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 42 (12.7%) | 1 (0.2%) | 69 (13.2%) |
 Energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SD) | 1832 (650) | 1660 (645) | 2057 (734) | 1762 (570) |
  Missing, n (%) | 5 (1.5%) | 43 (13.0%) | 7 (1.3%) | 72 (13.8%) |
 Fiber intake (g/day), mean (SD) | 17.6 (6.9) | 19.8 (11.1) | 16.4 (6.6) | 18.3 (11.1) |
  Missing, n (%) | 5 (1.5%) | 43 (13.0%) | 7 (1.3%) | 72 (13.8%) |
 Fat as percentage of energy intake, mean (SD) | 32.7 (6.0) | 30.4 (6.0) | 33.2 (6.3) | 31.3 (6.3) |
  Missing, n (%) | 5 (1.5%) | 43 (13.0%) | 7 (1.3%) | 72 (13.8%) |
 Plasma vitamin C (µmol/l), mean (SD) | 56.7 (23.4) | 60.9 (24.9) | 49.7 (21.7) | 50.4 (22.5) |
  Missing, n (%) | 41 (12.4%) | 62 (18.8%) | 45 (8.6%) | 86 (16.5%) |
 Alcohol (mean units/week), mean (SD) | 3.3 (5.9) | 3.0 (5.1) | 10.3 (13.2) | 9.0 (11.4) |
  Missing, n (%) | 8 (2.4%) | 48 (14.5%) | 6 (1.1%) | 74 (14.2%) |